Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm niaj hnub geography? Lub luag hauj lwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov niaj hnub georgafii

Lo lus "geography" nrog lub Greek lus txhais tau tias "lub ntiaj teb cov hauj lwm." Qhov no science, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg los muaj originated nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Yav tas los, nws ua ntau yam kev pab raws qib dua tam sim no. Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm niaj hnub geography? Yuav ua li cas nws yeej ua tau thiab siab li cas yog daws tau? Wb sim kom paub tseeb.

Geography nag hmo

Paub rau peb tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, phenomena (xws li los nag, cua los yog av qeeg) heev puzzled ancient cov neeg. Lawv yuav tsis piav lawv cov keeb kwm, thiab yog li ntawd ntshai tsam. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg yees ua nws tus kheej gods, uas lawv ntseeg tau lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tshwm sim.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov kev kawm ntawm geography "invented" lub ancient Greek kawm Eratosthenes nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo pua BC. Ancient geography tau tiav heev. Nyob rau hauv kev, heev heev maps tau tso ua ke, ib lub ntawm cov ntsiab lus txiav txim, muab tso rau pem hauv ntej cov tswv yim raws li rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab nws cov nrog qauv, thawj cov me nyuam tau ua los ntsuas tus ciaj ciam ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Cov tom ntej no quantum leap nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm geography twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance.

Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Claudius Ptolemy, Mercator Gerhard, Karl Ritter, Aleksandr Gumboldt, Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky - tag nrho cov npe no yog inscribed nyob rau hauv golden cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm geography.

Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm niaj hnub geography? Thiab dab tsi yog nws kev cim raws li ib tug science? Qhov no yuav tsum tau tham ntxiv.

geography hnub no

Niaj hnub nimno geography - qhov kev kawm ntawm lub tsev ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab socio-economic phenomena nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nws kawm lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov thiab txiv neej, nws tswv yim yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv rau cov pej xeem cov kev pab ntawm peb ntiaj chaw.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub geography yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob ze txoj kev koom tes nrog lwm yam kev kawm: physics, economics, Science News for KIDS, keeb kwm, psychology thiab thiaj li nyob. Yog, thiab nws tau tam sim no ua ib tug complex thiab nws kim heev thiab thov sciences industries.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub niaj hnub geography yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob tug loj seem:

• Lub cev geography (kawm lub ntuj dab thiab phenomena).
• Social thiab economic geography (txoj kev tshawb no cov pej xeem thiab economic kev ua ub no ntawm noob neej).

Li cas rau cov niaj hnub geography?

Geography, raws li zoo raws li lwm yam science, yog mus rau pem suab thiab kev tsim. Cuaj kaum, nws tau khaws cia rau hauv lub cog qoob loo ntawm cov achievements ntawm tus zaum ntawm yav dhau los epochs. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm dab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm causality, nteg rov qab Ritter thiab Humboldt, twb tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub thaj kev tshawb fawb.

Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm niaj hnub geography? Yog hais tias ua ntej lawm nws twb nrhiav tau rau cov lus teb feem ntau rau lo lus nug "nyob qhov twg?", Niaj hnub no nws yog xav nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm "vim li cas" thiab "yuav ua li cas?".

Niaj hnub no muaj ob lub ntsiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thaj science. Thawj - qhov no yog qhov greening ntawm tag nrho nws cov kev tshawb fawb. Qhov thib ob yog hais tias lub geography nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub post-industrial cov haiv neeg yog ua ntau tswv yim. Nws yog nkag mus rau hauv muaj koob meej ntawm nws tus kheej sector - qhov thiaj li hu ua xaiv yaam geography. Nws tau raug kawm thaj chaw ntawm lub thaj ib puag ncig, raws li zoo raws li forecasting lawv tej yam rau tej neeg zejzos.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub theoretical geography ntawm cov feem ntau rhuab sib cav tswv yim ua rau cov nram qab no cov teeb meem:

• qhov teeb meem ntawm ib yam khoom ntawm txoj kev tshawb;
• teeb meem ntawm txoj kev sib sau ntawm geography;
• qhov teeb meem ntawm lub philosophical cov me nyuam yaus ntawm Geography;
• tswv yim teeb meem ntawm science thiab lwm tus neeg.

Thaj science, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tau muaj rau ze li ntawm ib ob thiab ib nrab txhiab xyoo. Tab sis niaj hnub no, muaj ntau zaum lo lus nug tshwm sim: seb puas los yog tsis faib no science nyob rau hauv kev? Puas yog tus geography ntawm txoj cai muaj nyob rau hauv hnub no lub neej? Qhov teeb meem tseem muaj teeb meem.

Qhia, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas niaj hnub geographers hnov cov ntsiab lus xws li "Toj roob hauv pes", "geosystem", "Geopolitics", "lub tswv yim" thiab thiaj on. N.

Nyob rau hauv xaus ...

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm geography nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no yog heev loj. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub XXI xyoo pua, nws pom lub ntiaj teb tsis tau tsuas yog raws li peb ntiaj chaw ntawm lub hnub, thiab raws li ib tug lub tsev, ib lub tsev rau xya billion neeg. Thiab hais tias geography hnub no ntau tshaj li lwm yam science deals nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm optimization ntawm kev sib raug zoo "txiv neej - qhov" system.

Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm niaj hnub geography? Niaj hnub no, nws yog tab tom nrhiav rau cov lus teb tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws cov tsoos lo lus nug "nyob qhov twg?". Nws kuj yuav mus piav qhia txog tus "vim li cas" thiab "yuav ua li cas?", Qhia tib neeg muaj kuab siv ntawm cov khoom plig ntawm qhov.