Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov haiv neeg

Yuav ua li cas yog haiv neeg? Cov lus nug no yooj yim, tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim los teb, vim hais tias lub tswvyim yog heev thoob plaws thiab yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv Sociology thiab psychology, political science, kev lagluam, keeb kwm, kev cai lij choj. Thiab txhua tus ntawm cov sciences txuas no txhais, rau nws ib feem thiab, yog li ntawd, muab nws tus kheej los txhais. Wb sim kom paub tias cov tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib haiv neeg los ntawm ib tug loj heev kaleidoscope ntawm theories thiab txhais cov ntsiab. Yog li ntawd ...

Cov thawj cov cim qhia ntawm cov haiv neeg - lub tag nrho cheeb tsam. Qhov no zoo ntawm lub cev qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas muaj ib tug kev twb kev txuas thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob (raws li nyob nruab nrab ntawm kev sib raug zoo cov zej zog thiab ntawm tib neeg). Thaj chaw nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ho influences thiab sawv, thiab nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm nyob, thiab nyob rau hauv tus nqi orientation. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias cov cheeb tsam yog tsis ib txwm ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib haiv neeg. Peb pog koob yawg koob, uas nyob ntau centuries dhau los nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua, feem ntau hloov lawv qhov chaw, uas yog inhabited los ntawm (nyob cheeb tsam). Tab sis haiv neeg twb muaj ces, raws li twb twb tsis siv ib co heev daim ntawv cog lus thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev ua: nrog nte ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, tua ua ke. Ntawm no nws yog tau los tham txog tej lub txheej ntawm interacting thiab sib xyaw kev ua - los yog es, thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug kab lis kev cai. Qhov no, dhau lawm, tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, hnub no no social qauv yog sib txawv: interacting kev zej zog, kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev, tsim kev sib raug zoo. Muaj yog ib tug faib mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo pab pawg zoo li no tus yam ntxwv thiab zoo nyiam: rau hauv nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv, cov neeg pluag, Upper chav kawm ntawv (los yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv, pensioners, cov kws kho mob, neeg ua hauj lwm). Thiab txhua txhua haiv neeg muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev, ib tug neeg, ua xam qhovkev zog rau nws. Piv txwv li, cov ua hauj lwm-class nta pw nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm tej yam khoom, cov nom tswv cov neeg tseem ceeb yog nyob los ntawm cov nom tswv tswj ntawm lub neej, cov menyuam kawm ntawv paub, cov kws kho mob pab cov neeg mob. Thiab lawv muaj tag nrho ua ke. Thiab tswj cov kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev ntawm tsev neeg, kev kawm ntawv, khoom, tsoom fwv, manufacturing, kab lis kev cai thiab kev ntseeg.

Txhua xws social lub tsev kawm ntawv plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm regulating tus sib raug zoo ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog nyob rau hauv nws cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua si.

Institution ntawm cov tsev neeg, rau Piv txwv li, regulates lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov kev sib yuav, lub tsev ntawm lub xeev - nom tswv kev sib raug zoo. Thiab sis ntawm tag nrho cov tsev txiav txim multifunctional thiab muaj ib qho tus kheej. Kev txhawb los ntawm lub division of labor yog nqa tawm socialization ntawm tus neeg, nws kom ua ntxiv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas kev cai kev cai.

Kev sib raug zoo yog uniquely nyob rau lub chaw nyob los ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo cov zej zog, lawv haumxeeb tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv ib tug totalitarian haiv neeg, rau Piv txwv li, lub tsev ntawm lub xeev yog yeej los ntawm imposing lawv siab nyiam. Qhov kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb muaj kev txhawj xeeb lawv tus kheej txaus siab thiab, yog li ntawd, ua txhaum kev txaus siab ntawm tag nrho cov lwm cov zej zog. Nyob rau hauv tib social kev sib raug zoo prevails txheeb ze stability (stability). Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev teeb meem ntawm interacting cov zej zog (qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv rog), thiab hloov nws nrog qhov kev hloov ntawm cov kev cai (social raws li txoj cai).

Cov nram qab no cov tsos mob zej zog - autonomy nrog self-sufficiency.

Autonomy implies tau ntawm nws tus kheej-tsoom fwv. Raws li txoj cai, lub zej nws muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm, system tswj, liaj ia tebchaws thiab yuav tau ua kom lawv tus kheej kev tes hauj lwm, ua ke tuaj social zej zog. Nws yuav tsum tau self-sufficiency - tau ntawm nws tus kheej-kev cai, tsis muaj ntxiv lawm kev pab los ntawm sab nraum: los xyuas kom meej lub laaj ntawm lawv kab lis kev cai, lub tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov pejxeem, cov kev xav tau (thiab sab ntsuj plig, thiab cov ntaub ntawv) rau tag nrho cov neeg teej tug mus rau qhov no lub neej.

Autonomy nrog self-sufficiency - lub tswvyim yog deb ntawm abstract. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog, tej zaum, tej yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov haiv neeg. Qhaj ntawv ntawm tau ntawm nws tus kheej-yuav tas yuav tsum tau sab nraum pab.

Socio-cultural kev sib sau, los yog hom kab lis kev cai - tib yam tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov haiv neeg. Tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau qhia kom meej no. Complex kev systems uas txawv haiv neeg, kev cai dab qhuas thiab lwm cov zej zog (TEB CHAWS USA, Russia) common kab lis kev cai raws li xws li yog dog dig distorted. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem commonality yuav tsum vov uniting ua ke. Lub ntsiab yam tshwm sim ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm kev coj thiab kev cai kev sib sau lus dag nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hais lus, kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev, cov kev sib sau ntawm kev ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb (peb - cov Russians), cov kev sib sau ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub socio-cultural kev sib sau lus dag ib great ua ke quab yuam, uas muab qhov muaj peev xwm mus rau lub socialization tshiab tiam.