Theem ntawm kev sociological paub

Niaj hnub nimno kev sciences tsim mas nyob rau hauv yuav tsum muaj thiab thov thaj chaw. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim theem ntawm sociological paub. Tus thawj theem yog hu ua ntau general theoretical. Nyob rau theem no, tsim lub philosophical cov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua tau hauj lub zej zog thiab tus neeg raug txiav txim los ntawm lub categorical apparatus thiab lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev tshawb fawb txoj kev ntawm kev sib raug dab thiab phenomena, yog solved epistemological lus nug thiab tshaj.

Nws yog tseeb hais tias ib co ntawm cov theoretical tswv yim rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm sociological paub yog tsis txaus, nws yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tej ntaub ntawv, qhov tseeb constituting lub essence ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Yog li, cov ntau ntau ntawm sociological paub Iwj lwm - empirical. Nyob rau theem no, nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug sciences thiab tus neeg yog sau ntau yam tseeb, cov lus qhia, cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg teb uas yog mej zeej ntawm txawv cov zej zog, thiab lawv tom ntej ua thiab txhais lus.

Empirical tshawb fawb thiab kev sociological tswv yim yog dialectically txuas, vim hais tias cov kev tshawb xav yog tsis txaus siab los ntawm qhob tseeb, nws yuav meaningless, uas tsis yog-lub neej, thiab txoj kev xyaum tsis yog hais txog mus rau lub theoretical cov lus xaus, piav tsis tau lub essence ntawm cov phenomena tshwm sim nyob rau hauv zej zog.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug sciences thiab tus txiv neej muaj zog yuav tsum tau rau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib cov tswv yim theem ntawm kev sib raug teeb meem, yuav tsum tau mus kawm thiab theoretical piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, yooj yim kev tshawb fawb tsis tau muaj peev xwm mus thov lawv theoretical apparatus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm sib txawv heev tswv yim raws li "xeev", "Tsev Neeg", "hloov tus cwj pwm", "ekspektatsii" thiab lwm tus neeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, peb pib kom raug cai discrepancies ntawm theoretical qauv thiab empirical tshawb fawb.

Uas twb muaj lawm ntau ntau cov sociological paub yuav tsis piav ntau kev phenomena thiab phenomena, tab sis qhov teeb meem no yog nws thiaj li daws tau los ntawm lub tsim ntawm tsis tau lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm theories, uas yog hu ua "nruab nrab theem kev tshawb xav". Lub sij hawm ua tswvcuab R.Merton. Cov theories muab qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov kev theoretical tswv yim thiab empirical kev coj. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub science, social thiab tib neeg, lawv ua ib feem ntawm cov arsenal ntawm scientific thiab organically supplemented theem ntawm sociological paub.

Zaum, social zaum ntseeg tias lub rov tshwm sim ntawm nruab nrab-theem theories muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo, feem ntau cov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yuav suav hais tias:

- lub peev xwm los tsim ib tug muaj zog theoretical lub hauv paus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub ntau yam spheres ntawm tib neeg kev ua si tsis muaj kev siv ntawm cumbersome thiab tej zaum kuj overly complexity; yuav tsum muaj theories;

- ib tug muaj zog sis raug zoo nrog lub tswv yim lub neej ntawm cov neeg thiab tej pawg tibneeg rau;

- ua qauv qhia kev tshawb fawb lub caij rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm lwm teb ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Zaum qhia rau nram qab no nta ntawm sociological paub:

• txawj ntse, kev muaj nyob rau hauv lub tshaaj ntawm cov lus tshiab qhia rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm spheres ntawm lub neej, nyob rau cov tau txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob;
• xyaum, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kev cai ntawm kev loj hlob thiab tib neeg ua rau nws tau tsis tsuas mus rau kawm cov kev sib raug kev muaj tiag, tab sis kuj muaj cov kev tswj muaj peev xwm;
• tswj feature uas tso cai rau koj mus rau txo kev nro nyob hauv zej zog;
• ideology, muaj raws nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov scientific ntaub ntawv tau (kev txawj ntse) yuav siv tau los ua kom muaj nqi txawv, cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm, tej yam zoo cov nroj tsuag;
• futurological, uas muaj nyob rau hauv xav tau txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo dab thiab kev loj hlob tiam sis.