"Tshauv" (submarine). Multipurpose nuclear submarines ntawm Project 885 "Tshauv"

Ib yam li lwm cov tub rog cov khoom, lub ntiaj teb submarines dabneeg faib los ntawm tiam ntawm tso tawm xyoo. Los ntawm cov "Nautilus" thiab "Leninsky Komsomol" rau niaj hnub missile-nqa multi-purpose tsawg-suab nrov "Hiav txwv hma" thiab "Boreas" tsis tsuas dhau rau xyoo lawm, thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no tau raug hloov mus rau plaub-tiam submarine nuclear-powered ships. Nyob rau hauv tej caj npab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy yog twb "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Project 885 "Tshauv", ib tug submarine nrog ib tug nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag ntawm cov plaub tiam. Muab peb ntau zoo xws li cov nkoj ( "Kazan", "Novosibirsk" thiab "Krasnoyarsk"), nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm peb. Nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg kaum mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo caum, thaj. Lub stocks tuaj tawm ib tug tshiab nuclear submarine, yees duab, yog tej no tshwm sim luam tawm xov xwm ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tej zaum nrog pab comments, tab sis ntau tshaj li ib tug piv txwv txog cov loj hlob rau cov tub rog kev ua si nyob rau hauv Russia. Tej zaum qhov no saib yog tsis txhaum, thiab peb lub teb chaws, arming, uas qhia txhoj puab heev intentions? Koj muaj los sib piv, piv txwv li, qhov ntau ntawm cov tub rog pob nyiaj siv thiab fleet muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Cov hom phiaj thiab phiaj

Tus tam sim no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, dua li cov tsis muaj kev ideological confrontation escalated rau lub "kub" npaum li, piv rau lub pre-tsov rog lub sij hawm, lub expectation ntawm lub Cuban missile ntsoog. Independent txoj cai caum los ntawm cov coj noj coj ua ntawm Russia lub geopolitical nyiam nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws, ua rau voos "Western cov phooj ywg." Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm tej lub teb chaws, nraus los ntawm sab hauv kev tsis sib haum, exacerbates kiag ruined kev khwv nyiaj txiag, ib tug yuav txiav txim rau cov intentions thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov sab nraud rog mus noj tej yam kev ntsuas, xws li ncaj qha tub rog tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim tau mus cuag lawv cov hom phiaj. Provisional theem xws txhoj puab heev kev ua protrudes diplomatic siab, ua raws li los ntawm ntshai heev txawm ntawm kev quab yuam. Cov tub rog nyiaj txiag ntawm lub teb chaws USA yog loj loj, nws yog muaj tseeb tuaj rau ib tug astronomical thiab unprecedented theem ntawm 700 billion. Las. Lavxias teb sab Federation yuav tsis tiv thaiv kev siv nyiaj heev npaum li cas nyiaj, yog li nqi tsawg tshaj li tus nqi nyob rau hauv teb mus rau lub kev hem thawj ntawm asymmetrical. Submarines "Tshauv" peb tes num - ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug xaiv yaam mus kom ze, nyob rau hauv uas mus txog parity txig tsis muaj nyiaj txiag lim. Txawm hais tias kev thov hais tias lawv yog pheej yig, dhau lawm, tsis tau.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov plaub tiam

Cov kev tsos ntawm plaub-tiam nuclear submarines, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig seventies. Thaum lub confrontation nruab nrab ntawm ob superpowers masked los ntawm tham txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev cai ywj pheej, yog heev ncaj irreconcilable teeb meem ntawm ob tug nom thiab nyiaj txiag systems. Lub ntsiab US naval riam phom yog cov aircraft muaj, personified tag nrho Western cov tub rog lub hwj chim. Qhov thib ob "rab ntaj" uas raug teeb meem lub Soviet Union, kev raws li lub Premier League. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov ob puab tej yam nuclear submarine ntawm qhov tseeb tiam nyob rau hauv repelling tau aggression yuav raws muaj ob lub ntsiab hom phiaj: sib ntaus tawm tsam hnyav aircraft muaj, uas mus tawm nrog ib tug escort, thiab kev rhuav tseg cov yeeb ncuab submarines. Koj kuj yuav ntxiv lwm tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi: daim ntawv thov ntawm cov guaranteed ua pauj. Lub Soviet Union ua ib tug kev cog lus rau thawj nuclear riam phom tsis siv. Nws npaj los tsim lwm hom ntawm underwater nkoj, universal, kuj raug xa mus rau raws li ib tug multi-purpose. Nws yog zoo li no thiab yog submarines ntawm Project 885 "Tshauv", embodied nyob rau hauv cov hlau tom qab lub disintegration ntawm lub USSR, nyob rau hauv lub XXI caug xyoo. Cov nom tswv system tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab tseem nyob zoo li qub.

Unification thiab universalization ntawm

CB "Malachite" nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub fifties koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab submarines nrog nuclear propulsion. Tus tshiab submarine twb tsim txoj cai no nyob rau hauv Leningrad. plaub-tiam khoom tsis yog tsuas yog lub xyoo ntawm tso tawm engineering ntaub ntawv. Lub tswv yim thov ib tug ntau, thiab lawv yog conceptual nyob rau hauv qhov thiab txheeb tej kev nta. Lub Soviet rog exploited ntau tej yaam num submarines, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau lawv cov txij nkawm, neeg coob txoj kev kawm, kev kho vaj tse, thiab ntau lawm xwb. Muaj heev txawj raws li lub tswv yim los koom ua tus tsim submarine yog li ntawd nws yuav ua tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev pab raws qib, yav tas los muaj tsuas yog tshwj xeeb ships, los yog yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug qauv rau yuav tau tsim chav nyob rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qhov no nuclear-powered submarine thiab cheaper (cov neeg nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union sim kom txuag tau), thiab neeg coob txoj kev kawm yog yooj yim zog.

Ib nrab ntawm lub cev - nws yog zoo li cas?

Pa PL, diesel los yog nuclear tsim los ntawm classical kev kho muaj ib tug khoom lub cev uas muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog rau kev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib ntaus los missions, thiab lub teeb plhaub yuav tsum vov lub ballast tso tsheb hlau luam. Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, thiab multihull underwater cruiser ( "Shark", piv txwv li), tab sis lawv yog heev loj thiab kim heev, yog li lawv siv yog ib co tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov teeb meem yog nyuam qhuav nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm multi-purpose nkoj. Raws li cov thawj tswvyim ntawm qhov kev tsim "cov hmoov tshauv" yog ua tau. Lub submarine muaj ib tug ib nrab plhaub. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus txiav ib tug khoom lub cev, nws muaj tag nrho cov riam phom, cuab yeej thiab cov cav tov, tswj pab kiag li lawm, ib tug nuclear reactor, thiab ib tug ntau ntawm lwm yam uas, xws li cov neeg coob. Tiam sis nrog lub plhaub ntawm tus engineers ntawm KB "Malachite" ua siab loj. Lawv them xwb lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub nkoj, tsis suav ntxiv-on missile silos. Pem hauv ntej lub ntsiab ballast tank yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw intercase, kaum faib raws li nram no: 5 CHB teem nyob rau hauv lub xya compartment thiab 4 (ntxiv ntxiv tsim rau sai immersion) nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib missile. Ntim, sau nrog huab cua los yog dej, coj mus rau kev annulus edging khoom thiab riam phom. Tab sis qhov layout nta shipbuilders tau tsis tas.

reactor

Qhov thib rau compartment yog "lub plawv" ntawm lub nkoj, nuclear reactor. Nws yog ntawm no uas tawm loj heev ntawm thermal zog, lub cua sov chav tias lub ntsiab lub turbines. Submarines "Tshauv" peb tes num yuav nruab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb fais fab nroj tsuag, ua rau ib tug kev-Circuit Court-piece. Qhov no kom hais tias tag nrho cov thaum tshav kub kub uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj Circuit Court (direct kev sib cuag nrog cov roj cov ntsiab) yog laus thiab ntev kab ua qhov twg yog tsis tsim nyog. Txhim kho compact, nws muaj peev xwm yog ob puas megawatts, thiab nws yog tsawg tshaj "fonit" (nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm secrecy). Lub reactor yog heev txhim khu kev qha, qhov no yuav tsum tau yog dictated los ntawm cov yooj yim nkag tau mus rau nws aav, guaranteed lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam lub sij hawm yog teem rau ntawm tsawg kawg yog peb caug xyoo.

lub sij hawm compartments

Class submarines "Tshauv" muaj ib tug robust vaj tse, muab faib mus rau hauv compartments, hais tias lawv yeej tsis txawv ntawm tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus. Cuaj ntawm lawv, ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev ntawm lawv:

1 - CCU. Dhau li ntawm tus central hais kom ua post no tawm cawm chamber nyob rau hauv uas, yog tias tsim nyog, lub nkoj tau tawm cov neeg coob, hydroacoustic txoj hauj lwm thiab kev nkag tau mus rau lub cockpit. Torpedo hlab, tsis zoo li yav dhau los tej yaam num yog tom qab no compartment, muab txoj kev mus rau lub ntsiab "ob lub qhov muag" thiab "pob ntseg" ntawm lub nkoj - lub kav hlau txais xov, uas tau txais txawm lub weakest Pib ntsais koj teeb thiab muab ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog koj ncig. Submarines ntawm Project 885 "Tshauv" - lub feem ntau "pom" ships ntawm nws chav kawm ntawv.

2nd - torpedo, li no them TA lawv tus kheej underwater missiles, raws li zoo raws li koom haum pab khoom thiab hluav taws xob sab nrauv zawv zawg pab kiag li lawm.

Koob thib 3, Four-, nyeem kiag li lawm, nkoj lo lus uas peb cov khoom (generators, txivhmab, ballast twj thiab li ntawd.)

4 - tsev, ntawm no yog cov Kubrick thiab neeg coob cabins, saloon, noj mov, kev kho mob thiab lwm cov chaw xyuas kom meej ib txwm tej yam kev mob thaum lub sij hawm ntev nyob deb mus ncig ua si.

5 compartment hu ua lub missile. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub formidable riam phom, raws li hais saum toj no, muaj kuj yog ballast tso tsheb hlau luam.

6 - reactor, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag yog muab nrog ib tug pab tank kev them nyiaj ntawm cov pib mem tes.

7 compartment hu ua lub turbine. Nws yog ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg kub zog hloov nws lub zog mus rau lub kiv cua ncej. Txawm no muaj 5 BTF.

Nyob rau hauv lub 8 teem txhua yam khoom siv, thiab muaj ib tug daug cawm lub hom phiaj.

9-th compartment hu ua lub Tiller. Txhais los ntawm cov lus ntawm lub hiav txwv txhais tau hais tias tshwm sim tswj cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug rudders los ntawm txoj kev hydraulic actuators.

txoj kev tsaus ntuj

Nuclear submarine "Tshauv" tau tsim kom hais tias nws cov nrhiav kom tau tau problematic. Feem ntau, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub submarine nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no dej hiav txwv "xam" rau ob peb yam tseem ceeb: suab nrov thiab ntsia hlau mechanisms, moj khiav, Thaum tshav kub kub dissipation, thiab visually los ntawm lub pob tshab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov dej. Unmasks lub nkoj thiab lub magnetic teb ua los ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo cov visibility thiab cov kev phom sij ntawm landmine detonator teb mus rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv zoo li qub teb, ships nyob rau hauv ports thiab nyob rau txoj kev raug demagnetization txoj kev. Lub tsev nyob project NPS 885 yog ua los ntawm tshwj xeeb steel hlau uas yog zoo xws nyob rau hauv cov khoom rau paramagnetic. Suab nrov yog nyoog los ntawm 15 decibels lawv txo nkaus xwb los ntawm lub revolutionary hwj chim system Circuit Court layout. Kev suab absorbing txheej no kuj ua nkoj "nyob ntsiag to." Siv thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem kom tsis txhob muaj visibility. Kiv cua , nws yog tsim los ntawm tshwj xeeb technology, uas muab tsawg-suab nrov khiav.

riam phom

Tam sim no lub ntsiab tshaj plaws, dab tsi hom riam phom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yuav tsum tau thov cov "Tshauv". Lub submarine yog on board yim launchers ncej hom rau "Onyx". Txij li thaum lub nkoj yog ntau yam, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov lub 3M54 ( "Turquoise") los yog "Calibre" 3M14. Txhua PU yuav tso 4 cruise cuaj luaj. Coj riam phom complex 3P-14P system. Cuaj luaj yuav ntaus hauv cov av thiab nto lub hom phaj, dhau los ntawm lub tiaj trajectory, uas ua rau lawv nyuaj mus ntes thiab missile ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "hma pob", raws li uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ya projectiles thaum lub sij hawm ntawm uas nkag mus rau nqe ntaus rog kawg set interface kev twb kev txuas. Lub missile, uas muaj nyob saum toj no rau lwm, noj ib coj noj coj ua lub luag hauj lwm, tswj cov kev ua ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab missile txhais tau hais tias coj kev ua yog cia li pauv mus rau lwm chav tsev. Yuav kom nrog xws li ib tug pov ntawm cruise cuaj luaj yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Rau no "tshauv" yog tu siab heev npe menyuam yaus "killer ntawm aircraft muaj."

Kaum torpedo hlab, tag nrho cov ntawm uas yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub thib ob compartment xwb qab lub hauv paus hais kom ua ncej. Mos txwv - 30 "Physico-1" (533 gauge).

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, lub nkoj yuav nteg mines, mus nqa tawm sonar countermeasures (qhov no yog cov "Teeb meem" reps-324), thiab ua lwm yam kev ua ub no uas complicate ua hauj lwm kev ua si ntawm hostile rog.

General yam ntxwv

Tsis txhua yam uas yog nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, koj yuav tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm pej xeem qhov chaw. Kws txawj yog tseem txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov tsos hais tias yog lub submarine. Duab luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm, cia peb xaus rau qhov luaj li cas, lawv yog tiag tiag ib tug ntau: ib tug ntev ntawm 140 meters. Xaav submerged - yuav luag 14 txhiab tons .. Kuj muaj high-ceev tej chaw, uas boasts lub submarine. Cov yam ntxwv raws li feem ntau txawv nyob ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm submergence tsev nyob underwater nkoj txav ceev dua (31 pob caus ntawd), thiab rau cov emersion 16 pob caus ntawd. Cov neeg coob muaj 32 tub ceev xwm thiab 90 sailors thiab cov txwj laug. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nriaj kom ciaj sia taus ua tau tawm hauv lub nkoj nyob rau hauv ib tug detachable khiav plhaub taum pauv, nyob rau hauv tus hneev. Ib tug yog ntaus los ntawm tus nplua mais ntawm retractable kav hlau txais xov systems, towering saum toj no lub deckhouse. Lawv muab txhim khu kev qha kev sib txuas lus nrog qhov hais kom ua thiab lwm yam kev ships. Qhov lus qhia nyob rau cov nyob rau ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, tsim acoustic ntaub ntawv channel muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm interception. Yuav kom kawm tau li cas nws ua hauj lwm, muaj yog tsis muaj cov lus qhia.

Tshaj tawm hais tias autonomy yog ib puas hnub, tab sis realistically, feem ntau yuav, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau.

Technology thiab nqi

Lub fact tias cov ships yuav mus rau tib lub project, tsis tau txhais hais tias lawv yog cov tag tib yam. Txhua tshiab unit muaj tej yam zoo dua yav dhau los vim kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv technology thiab kev siv ntawm ntau niaj hnub hom ntawm cov khoom thiab riam phom. Cov ships yog tab tom ua yog tsis raws li ceev ceev li ib co lwm yam technology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li txoj raws li ib tug submarine project "Tshauv". Lub submarine "Severodvinsk", txais yuav los ntawm lub Navy kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los no, raug nqi lub txhab nyiaj 47 billion rubles. Cov nqi qub yuav raug nqi thiab "Kazan", tab sis peb twb paub hais tias qhov no nkoj kab zoo, modernized khoom, thiab cov suab nrov txawm tsawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, zus tau tej cov tag nrho lub Cheebtsam thiab accessories submarine yog tam sim no pauv mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, uas thiaj li muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev to classified cov lus qhia txog lawv cov ntaus ntawv thiab tsub kom lub ywj pheej ntawm txawv teb chaws xa khoom. Muaj yog vim li cas rau xav hais tias cov nqi ntawm txhua tom ntej tsev yuav tsis kam nrog cov kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauj voj voog. Nws yeej ib txwm tshwm sim, tab sis qhov no tshwm sim muaj lwm sab. Thaum lub caij ntawm tsis tau zoo lub siab tshaj plaws zoo tag nrho ntawm tej cuab yeej no twb dhau caij nyoog, thiab qhov tshiab uas yog npaj txhij rau kev siv, thiab cov nqe lus ntawm tus ua endlessly. Txawm zoo "Tshauv" Project 885, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab KB tej zaum twb muaj lwm yam tswv yim. Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos lawv yeej tshiab submarine yuav tau teem caij mus, tus yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum ua twb zoo.