Tshuab rab phom Goryunova: nta thiab yees duab

7.62mm Goryunov (SG-43) yog ib tug Soviet tshuab rab phom me me automatic riam phom qauv 1943 mounted rau cov wheeled machines, swivels thiab armored tsheb.

Yuav ua li cas yuav hloov tau lub "Maxim"?

By pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II qhov teeb meem ntawm riam phom ntawm infantry kev pab txhawb nqa battalion theem - tshuab rab phom - tsis solved. "Maxim" sawv hauv tej caj npab ntawm lub Red Army muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb shortcomings, los kov yeej hais tias yog tsis tau. Lub ntsiab yog ib tug yog impressive luj tshuab rab phom - .. Teeb, piv txwv li sau nrog dej thiab them, nws hnyav yog 63 kg. Tsis txhob ntxiv cov dej txias thiab chaw "Maxim", yog li yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau hauv cov dej nyob rau hauv lub battlefield yog feem ntau yooj yim, yog hais tias tsis yooj yim sua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tawg tsam thiab cia nyias yuav yooj yim puas casing, ua rau nws tsis zoo.

Initial npaj los hloov ib tug tshuab rab phom "Maxim" DS-39 qauv siv tsis tau, t. Yuav kom. Riam phom twb nyuab nyob rau hauv ntau lawm thiab kev lag luam, unreliable thaum uas tsis muaj kub thiab hmoov av. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub DC-39 twb rho los ntawm kev ua lag luam.

kev hloov kho SHG

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1942, nws pib mus rau tsim ib tug tshiab qauv nyob rau hauv lub rab phom 7.62 hli cartridge. Muaj ke SHG, uas nyob rau hauv 1940 ntse dhau qhov kev xeem ntawm lub Hoobkas.

Goryunov tshuab rab phom twb tsim nyob rau Kovrov Neeg kho tshuab tsob nroj Peter Maksimovich Goryunov, nws lawm tub Michael, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tswv Vasiliem Voronkovym nroj tsuag. Tus thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub surnames - SHG - thiab twb muaj npe riam phom.

Tab sis lub Red Army demanded easel kev xaiv thiab Goryunov phom hloov tshiab kev pab raws qib.

muaj kev vam meej kev ntsuam xyuas

Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub Hoobkas kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm 1942 ib tug upgraded version twb ua nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 50 daim, 45 uas raug xa mus rau pab tub rog. Cov kev tshwm sim kuj muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau zoo. Tom qab tshem tawm cov lus thiab qhia tau raug nyob rau hauv lub lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1943 phom Goryunov nws koom nyob rau hauv lub xeev soj ntsuam. Lub ntsiab competitor ntawm lub SHG twb kho DC-43, raws li tau zoo raws li riam phom, manufactured nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, raws li ib qho kev xaiv rau loj alterations ntawm lub German MG-34 chambered rau cov Mosin phom loj nrog nws cov tom ntej me nyuam los tu los ntawm cov tub rog liab. Txawm li cas los, nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov Soviet phom loj cartridge siv nyob rau hauv nws yuav ua tsis tau vim muaj cov di ncauj. Tshuab rab phom Goryunova tshaj dua yuav kuaj thiab LT-43 rau tej qho tseem ceeb tsis raws li durability thiab raug.

Tom qab tau txais paub cov ntsiab ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas Degtyaryov Stalin tus kheej tso siab tau ntawm lub superiority ntawm tus qauv Goryunov, thiab cov yuav tsum tau muab nws rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov designer tau tsim ib tug competitor rau ib tug tshiab lub tshuab, uas pib yuav tsum tau ua nrog tus tshiab riam phom.

Pib ntawm ntau lawm

14.05.43, lub xeev kws muaj txuj ci Committee txiav txim siab los txais yuav Goryunova phom (yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) nrog log tshuab. Rau nws cov ntau lawm hauv lub Kovrov txhua yam tsob nroj rau ib ob thiab ib nrab lub hlis, ib daim department ua tau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1943 thawj batch ntawm riam phom twb nqa tawm, thiab lub xyoo tom ntej, qhov teeb meem twb txhab muaj peev xwm Zlatoust cog №54.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, developers thiab Garanin Seleznev tsim ib tug yooj yim wheeled tshuab, muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tau zoo thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nyuaj tej yam kev mob.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, mus txog rau lub kawg ntawm tsov rog nws tau tsim thiab muab ntau tshaj 80 txhiab cov tub rog liab phom Goryunov.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

Lub zog phom propellant gases siv, cov channel faib los ntawm lub brainstem. Thaiv cov hlab kawg ua ib txoj cai-tes rooj vag misalignment.

Thaum lub sij hawm tua cov ndlwg ntawm propellant gases yog cov redirected los ntawm cov kav qhib nyob rau hauv cov roj chamber thiab presses rau lub piston uas retracts lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj cov cab kuj. lub shutter tsis txav mus txog rau lub sij hawm ntawd lub mos txwv tawm, thaiv cov hlab lub cev thiab tiv thaiv kom allergic ntawm gases rau hauv lub thawv.

Tom qab ib lub mos txwv ya tawm ntawm lub thoob, lub tsiv qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab phom tseem yuav tsiv mus nyob rov qab, compressing lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ces tus shutter kav unlocks channel; Nws yog muab rho tawm los ntawm lub chamber liner. Cov mos txwv mov ntawm hlau los yog canvas siv nkag rau hauv lub cev box qhov rais. Los ntawm nws yog ntiab tawm cartridge. Nrog tus swb mechanism tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xov pub cartridges receiver nrog ib tug hinged hau, accelerating overcharging.

Yog hais tias tus nuv yog nias lub shutter, rooj vag ncej nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav rushes rau pem hauv ntej tsis muaj seem nyob rau hauv lub rearmost txoj hauj lwm. Shutter pushes cartridge tawm ntawm lub qhov rais lub thawv thiab qia yuav tsum raug xa nws mus rau hauv lub Chamber. Tsiv qhov chaw mus txog cov kev txwv txoj hauj lwm; valve kav blocks lub channel. Lub sab sauv protrusion ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj muaj ib tug Striker, ua adjustable txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv nrog lub sear. Ces tus txheej txheem yog rov qab.

Recharge kov protrudes los ntawm hauv qab tswj stick thiab thaum shooting tseem nyob ruaj ruaj.

Kho rho riam phom nqa tawm ib tug peb-txoj hauj lwm gas regulator. Cua txias 500 tso cai rau kom tsim nruam shooting kev txhaj tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv tej hom, shooting yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv luv luv bursts mus txog 30 kev txhaj tshuaj. Goryunova tshuab rab phom SG-43 muaj ib tug tua tus nqi ntawm 250-300 rounds / feeb. Interchangeable chim thiab flash hider muaj ib tug kov uas ua rau nws yooj yim mus nqa thiab hloov, uas tsis pub tshaj 7-8.

Cov mos txwv mov

Shooting yog ua los ntawm cov mos txwv arr. 1908 thiab 1930., uas khaws cov ceev xwmphem hwj chim ntawm tag nrho cov davhlau lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3800 m. Lub zog ntawm cov hlau mos txwv nyob rau hauv 1908 yog sib npaug zos rau 3511 J thiab 1930 raws li 3776 J. Noj mov ua los ntawm cov hlau ribbons 250 cartridges (5 x 50 ) ntaus DS-39 los yog hom ntaub khov heev los ntawm lub "Maxim" 200 pcs. nrog txoj cai mov. Txawm tias ib tug siab pub tus nqi yog tej zaum nrog los ntawm ib tug transverse so hnab twb qhib lawm, lawv tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas tsawg heev tshaj lub tshuab rab phom Degtyarev.

kev taw qhia system

Sights SG-43 xws li cov nplawm ya thiab flip pom. Cov yav tas muaj xws li ib lub hauv paus clamp mus rau tag nrho lub cev, thiab nrog rau cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ob teev yog ua ntawv thov. Sab laug tsim rau cartridges nrog cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv 1908 thiab tso cai rau koj mus teem lub deb mus rau 2 thous. M. Designated los ntawm tsab ntawv "L" thiab cov zauv 0-20. Txoj cai teev yog rau ib lub mos txwv cartridge nrog Mr thiab 1930 tso cai rau kom muab qhov kev ncua deb rau 2.3 txhiab. M. cim nrog tsab ntawv "T" thiab xov tooj 0-23. Nyob rau pillar thov yuav raug. Rau nruab cov tsheb ntawm cov clamp rau ob tog ntawm lub ntsiab txaus ntshai yog cim los ntawm tsib pawg ntawm sab hloov. Ib cim sau raws nkaus Ii thousandth ntau yam.

Tshuab rab phom Goryunova system yog kom los ntawm tua cov trimmed rau 4 txoj kab calibration lub hom phiaj, raws li zoo raws li dub duab plaub loj 20x30 cm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog dawb 1x1 m. NTAU YAM li teem rau 100 m, qhov pom yog mounted rau sab laug scale 3 thiab lub cartridges yog siv nrog ib lub teeb lub mos txwv.

anti-aircraft pom

Objectives nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog saib xyuas ntawm ntxiv set rau "Gorunov" zenith-raws Crosshair, xam rau huab cua khoom ntawm ib tug deb ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1 kilometer, uas txav rau tus ceev tsis tshaj 600 km / h. Ntawm qhov pom muaj pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab lub viewfinders thiab puag. Lub pem hauv ntej no yog ua los ntawm plaub concentric rings ntawm ib lub vojvoog ntawm 20-80 hli nyob rau hauv increments ntawm 20 mm, lub hom phiaj uas yog cov xaiv ntawm pre-emption. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws muaj ib tug lub xub ntiag nplhaib uas ua hauj lwm pab rau qhov chaw thiab khib. Lub rear yog ua los ntawm cov pob ntsia hlau thiab txhav tas calibration kev muag zaub. Cov txawv lwm zoo ntawm cov pom yog lub installation ntawm ob reticles rau tus ncej, txuas rau lawv mus rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb qauv uas muab lub constancy ntawm qhov chaw: nws muaj peev xwm ua pheej muab tshem tawm, daim ntau quav tso thiab ntsia tsis tabkaum qhov chaw.

Siv nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los

Goryunov tshuab rab phom nkag mus hauv kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1943. Nyob rau hauv lub infantry battalions ntawm qhov riam phom tau txais mus rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub tib lub xyoo. Nws siv los ntaus kev qhib pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog thiab riam phom ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws nyob rau mus li 1 km.

Cov kev vam meej ntawm "Goryunov" nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg lub sij hawm ntawm tsov rog vim nws lub teeb yuag: nws yog 6.5 kg lighter tshaj lub "Maxim", nyob rau lub crawler tshuab - 25 kg.

Tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II tshuab rab phom twb kho thiab renamed SGM (tus "M" - modernized). Nws tau raug kho kom tiv thaiv lub system los ntawm hmoov av thiab txias lub thoob, thiab ib tug tshiab rooj vag yog ntsia. Muaj ib tug tank variant SGMT.

Ntsiab nta

Lub ntsiab tsis phom yog:

• Nyhav: 13,5 kg.
• Tshuab yuag: 23,4 kg.
• Length: 1140 hli.
• Chim ntev: 720 hli.
• Tua ntau (L / T): 2000/2300 m.
• Muzzle tshaj tawm (L / T) X 865/800 m / s.
• Cov hluav taws: 700 rounds / min
• Rate: max. 350 rounds / min.

SG-43 twb exported lug, mus pab cov lais xees los tsim nws nyob rau hauv ob peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj "Gorunov" tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe hom 53, Czechoslovakia - ob qho tag nrho vz 43, Poland (Wz 43) thiab nyob rau hauv South Africa (SS-77).