Tus thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws Dennis Tito. sib ntaus Keeb kwm

Dennis Tito (yug Lub yim hli ntuj 8, 1940 nyob rau hauv poj vaj, New York, teb chaws USA) - American businessman, uas tau los ua tus thawj private neeg uas them rau nws cov lus mus rau hauv qhov chaw.

cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae

Tito tau txais nws daim Bachelor of Aeronautics thiab Astronautics nyob rau New York University nyob rau hauv 1962 thiab Master of Engineering Science ntawm Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute nyob rau hauv Troy, NY, nyob rau hauv 1964. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug aerospace engineer nyob rau Laboratory dav hlau propulsion ntawm lub National Aeronautics thiab qhov chaw Administration (NASA), qhov uas nws tau pab los npaj thiab tswj missions rau Mars, "Mariner-4" thiab "Mariner 9". Nyob rau hauv 1972 nws resigned los ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb ntawm txog nyiaj txiag thiab pab muaj nyob rau lub American peev ruaj Wilshire Associates, raws li zoo raws li tsim ib tug Performance index "Wilshire 5000" - ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub US ua lag luam Tshuag valuation. Nws xub siv cov zauv cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pab cuam, los mus txiav txim cov nyiaj txiag ua lag luam kev txaus ntshai.

Tam sim no los yeej tsis

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 28, 2001 - lub hnub yug ntawm coj mus muag qhov chaw sib ntaus. Nyob rau hnub no, lub American businessman yog ib tug uas los ua tus thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nws them rau nws nyob rau hauv lub ISS, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus me nyuam mus rau ib tug neeg nrog caij rau lub rooj tsavxwm hauv lub Lavxias teb sab thauj spacecraft "Soyuz". Plaub caug xyoo tom qab Yuri Gagarin los ua tus thawj tib neeg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, Tito pom tias qhov chaw mus ncig teb chaws yog ua tau rau kom tau nyiaj, nyiaj ntau ntau, raws li nws muab tso rau ib puag ncig sum - 20 lab USD.

Nws xav mus rau qhov chaw txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub davhlau Yuriya Gagarina. Thiab Dennis pib txhais nws npau suav mus rau hauv kev muaj tiag thaum pib ntawm 2000. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws puv 60 xyoo, thiab nws tau hais tias nws muaj feem tau txais mus rau hauv qhov chaw yog sai zuj zus lawm. Thaum tus hiob astronaut yog Dick Slayton, uas tau mus xyuas nyob rau hauv orbit nyob rau hauv 1975 thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 51 xyoo.

Tito Thiab kuv hais rau kuv tus kheej. "Nws yog tam sim no los yeej tsis"

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2000, nws kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog MirCorp, uas muaj ib tug sib ntaus aboard lub "Soyuz TM-32" nyob rau lub Lavxias teb sab chaw nres tsheb "Mir". Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm hauv tib lub xyoo, cov kev pab them nqi ua tsis tau tejyam, raws li Russia tshaj tawm hais tias nws npaj rau kev mus thim ntawm lub orbit ntawm cov laus chaw nres tsheb ( "Mir" twb hlawv nyob rau hauv cov cua nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2001).

Dua li ntawm qhov setback, Dennis Tito sai pom zoo dua. Nws kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau lub tuam txhab qhov chaw Adventures, uas tau ib tug neeg tuaj daws kho rau cov me nyuam ntawm tsoom neeg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub ISS yog ib tug tshiab kuj project, lub rooj sib txoos uas pib nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1998.

Xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub log

Lavxias teb sab sab pom zoo coj cov nyiaj thiab Tito muaj nws ib qho chaw rau lub nkoj "Union". Tab sis lwm cov neeg koom tes nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb, nyob rau hauv particular NASA thiab qhov chaw cov koom haum ntawm Canada, Teb chaws Europe thiab Nyiv, tsis tau teem zoo. Lawv cia li hais rau Russia hais tias nws yog tsis pom zoo kom ya mus rau Dennis.

NASA cov neeg sawv cev thaum, nyob rau hauv tus, tsis pom zoo rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub neeg muas zaub them rau lub rooj tsavxwm cov orbiting laboratory. Lawv tsuas tsis tau ntseeg tias los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Tito kev cob qhia yuav tsum txaus, txij thaum ntawd los implies ib tug complex thiab tseem ceeb txheej xwm ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug xovxwm tso tawm los ntawm NASA rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 19, 2001, nws twb hais tias lub xub ntiag ntawm uas tsis yog-kev neeg coob neeg yeej tsis tau kev kawm los ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho cov tseem ceeb heev systems ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb uas tsis tau teb thiab pab nyob rau hauv tej thaum muaj xwm ceev qhov teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim, thiab uas yuav yuav tsum tau tas li xyuas, yuav coj tseem ceeb tab kaum rau lub ntoj ke mus kawm thiab yuav txo zuag qhia tag nrho qib ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ISS.

Tus thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws ntseeg hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog kuj ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm. Raws li nws, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tshwm sim thiab lub plawv tawm tsam, thiab tus cwj nrag, thiab dab tsi tab sis ib tug neeg tuag thauj rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb yuav tsis tau yooj yim heev thiab psychologically nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, NASA tau ua txhua yam ua rau Tito yuav tsis ya nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis.

Yim lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub nroog

Tab sis Tito tsis muab li. Nws hais ntxiv hais kawm Star City nyob ze Moscow, qhov twg astronauts kawm nrog Yuri Gagarin lub sij hawm. Tito siv feem ntau ntawm cov xyoo muaj, ua nyob rau hauv limbo. Raws li nws, nws yog tsis yooj yim. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv Russia rau yim lub hlis, raws nraim tsis paub nws yuav ya los yog tsis.

Nws thiaj li Dennis perseverance tau them tawm. Nyob rau lub tsam ntawm NASA, nws raug xa mus rau hauv orbit Plaub Hlis Ntuj 28, 2001, ua lub 415th neeg puas tau ya nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Raws li Tito, tag nrho cov yeeb yam thiab muaj teeb meem yog transitory, qhov ntau hais tias cov chaw ua hauj lwm txhawb cov nram qab no qhov chaw tourists uas tau mus xyuas lub orbiting kuaj thiab tau lawm ces pab txhawb nqa ntawm private chaw davhlau nyob rau hauv feem ntau.

npau suav los muaj tseeb

Tus thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws nce mus rau hauv orbit, siv txog rau hnub on board lub ISS, thiab ces tsaws nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan Tej zaum 6, 2001.

Nws lub hom phiaj yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb, vim tshwm sim ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev nqis peev nyob rau hauv private chaw mus ncig teb chaws. Tej zaum, lub tuam txhab nkauj xwb Galactic Richarda Brensona, lub xiav lub keeb kwm Dzheffa Bezosa, thiab txawm SpaceX Elon Musk yuav tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no ua lag ua luam, yog tias lub davhlau Dennisa Tito tsis muab qhov chaw. Nws tus yam ntxwv pom tau tias qhov chaw sib ntaus yog muaj rau cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag nqe lus.

Rau nws ib feem, Tito zoo siab uas koom nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam ntawm qhov kev lag luam, txawm tias tag nrho cov credit rau cov nuj nqis ntawm entrepreneurs thiab orbital tourists uas tuaj tom qab nws. Thiab rau nws, ntawm chav kawm, lub dawm yuav yeej ib txwm resonate ntawm ib tug ntau npaum li cas tus kheej theem. Raws li Tito tus txawv tebchaws yog nws 40-xyoo-laus tus npau suav. Davhlau muab nws ib tug zoo nkaus li ntawm fullness ntawm lub neej - txhua yam uas nws yuav ua li cas tshaj dab tsi yuav ua tau ib tug ntxiv nqi zog rau nws.

Dennis Tito - qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws

Tito tsaws nyob rau hauv lub Kazakh steppe aboard ib tug tsaws tshuaj ntsiav "Soyuz" spacecraft, uas xa rov qab rau nws thiab ob tug Lavxias teb sab cosmonauts mus rau lub ISS rau ntiaj teb. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev thiab Yuri Baturin landed ntawm 05:42 GMT. Astronauts onboard rockets mus thaiv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab kaus poob los. Peb teev ua ntej lub capsule "Soyuz" undocked los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb thiab pib nws xob laim-ceev qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg video ntawm qhov chaw Tito hais tias nws tus kheej raws li cov npau suav ntawm nws lub neej, nws yog zoo dua hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi yuav rau nws, thiab ua tsaug rau tag nrho cov uas txhawb nws lub hom phiaj. Thaum cov neeg coob sab laug lub ISS, Talgat Musabayev thiab US astronaut Dzhim Voss embraced thiab tuav tes nrog Tito Voss. Ces Tito thiab astronauts floated headfirst mus rau hauv lub "Union", thiab lub daug txuas lub tshuaj ntsiav qhov chaw nres tsheb yog kaw. Hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav, lawv muaj khoom noj khoom haus - lub spacecraft thim nws lub zog los ntawm cov ISS, thiab pub navigational computer. Lawv muab tso rau tua spacesuits rau hauv lub davhlau rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb, lub nkoj soj ntsuam txog kev txia, thiab undocked los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb.

Video lub koob yees duab nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav pom ib tug sai tshem tawm ntawm lub ISS thiab cov tsos nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov tshuaj ntsiav yog kis los ntawm cov ntiaj chaw ib zaug thiab ces tau mus tua ntawm feem ntau ntawm nws cov luj, xws li ib tug neeg pej xeem tsev nrog ib tug tso quav thiab ib chav ua noj, raws li zoo raws li lub twj paj nruag compartment nrog roj teeb thiab solar panels. Muaj yog ib tug 3.3-tuj tsaws tshuaj ntsiav.

Hard tsaws

Lub ntsiab kaus poob los "Union" yuav tsum qhib 05:26 GMT, ua ntej tus nres motors yuav ua hauj lwm mus soften lub tsaws. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem kev sib ntsib nrog cov neeg coob ntawm lub hom phiaj Control Center nyob rau hauv Korolev, nyob ze Moscow, Tito nug Musabaeva muab ob ntsiav tshuaj thiab ntsev dej los pab nws ciaj sia qhov overload. Nws tsis tau qhia kom meej li cas cov neeg tshuaj.

davhlau commander Peter Klimuk paub cov neeg coob uas cov huab cua nyob rau lub tsaws chaw nyob ze ntawm lub zos, nyob 400 km sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub capital ntawm Kazakhstan Astana, zoo, me cloudiness, cua 3-7 m / s thiab qhov kub thiab txias - txog 20 ° C.

tom qab tsaws

Tom qab tsaws 80 kilometers sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Arkalyk nyob rau hauv lub Kazakh steppe trio dhau ua ntej kev kho mob check-up nyob rau hauv ib tug mobile kho mob chaw. Los yeej muaj cov neeg coob npaum li cas mus rau lub tshav dav hlau ntawm Astana rau ib tug hauj lwm lub rooj sib tham nrog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Tom qab ib tug luv luv xovxwm rooj sab laj nyob 12:00 GMT rau tus thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws, thiab Musabaev Buchanan ya mus rau Moscow. Lavxias teb sab chaw ua hauj lwm yog hoping rau ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsaws rau cov muaj teeb meem mus txawv tebchaws Tito sai sai lawm.

Yav tas los US Senator thiab astronaut Dzhon Glenn hu ua Tito lub dawm rau ib tug Lavxias teb sab spacecraft kev tsim txom uas yooj yim kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw tshawb kawm. Txawm li cas los, nws hais tias nws tsis liam Tito nyob rau hauv nws lub siab xav mus tau rau hauv qhov chaw, raws li nws yog ib qho zoo kawg kev, tab sis muaj cov txawv tebchaws txhaum cai spacecraft tsim los ua kev tshawb fawb.

NASA ntshai

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias NASA cia ya Tito rau kawm tiav ntawm lub multi-billion qhov chaw complex, lub dawm sparked speculation lwm cov mej zeej ntawm lub cog neeg ntse yuav xav kom sawv saum toj no lub ntuj kaaj quas lug. Ntawm cov npe tau surfaced thawj coj Dzheyms Kemeron, tus tswv ntawm "Oscar", uas twb nrhiav tau rau lub zoo meej lub kaum ntse ntse mus ntes cov ntiaj chaw.

Qhuas Cameron rau tos NASA yuav foom koob hmoov rau ib qho chaw twg mus rau lub ISS, lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw koom haum Dan Goldin mus tas li ua nco txog Tito ua ntej reporters thiab Congress nyob rau hauv lub caij ntawm nws giant ego thiab cosmic tsis tseem ceeb investor rau phab ntsa Street. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev, nws hais tias qhov teeb meem no tau ua tsis tshua muaj neeg stressful rau cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam ntawm NASA thiab hais tias Mr. Tito yog tsis paub ntawm lub dag zog ntawm txhiab tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab Russia, ua hauj lwm kom nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab hais tias ntawm tus so ntawm cov neeg coob.

Security Risk?

Cov tawm tsam tsis yog penetrated lub tuab hull ntawm lub ISS, ya nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 300 km, qhov twg rau thawj qhov chaw neeg mus ncig tebchaws, ib tug qub NASA engineer, siv tiag tiag pab txhawb nqa ntawm nws cov khub "Union", courteous tos txais ntawm lub ob NASA astronauts nyob rau hauv lub "Alpha", thiab yog mus nyob hauv lub sov puag ntawm Lavxias teb sab commander ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb.

Sau nrog lub suab ntawm Arias thiab overtures, raws li zoo raws li lub sights ntawm sailing yav tas los continents thiab dej hiav txwv, serene ntiaj teb no ntawm lub pej xeem soj ntsuam Tito twb tawg xwb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov bout ntawm seasickness.

Thaum lub sij hawm xovxwm rooj sab laj, nws tsis lees accusations Goldin hais tias nws muaj hawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov chaw cov tub txawg. Tito, uas them nyiaj txog li $ 20 lab rau hauv lub davhlau yuj yees, heev npaum li cas pab cov neeg coob.

menial ua hauj lwm

Dennis Tito rau hauv qhov chaw faib zaub mov thiab puas tau ib tug zoo nkauj qias neeg txoj hauj lwm, pab cov neeg coob thiab tawm hauv nws cov sij hawm ntau rau tej chaw ua hauj lwm.

Hais tias kev ruaj ntseg kev txhawj xeeb twb yog vim li cas hais tias cov 60-xyoo-laus Tito ua nws qhov chaw taug mus. Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev thiab Tito raug coj mus rau "Alpha" ib tug tshiab cawm capsule. Lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm ib tug tshiab "Union" twb yuav tsum tau txhua txhua rau lub hlis, raws li cov tshuaj lom roj on board lub Lavxias teb sab spacecraft disintegrated thiab corrode engine qhov chaw rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Laus lub nkoj yog hais txog ob lub lis piam ua ntej lub expiry ntawm nws cov 200-hnub warranty lub sij hawm.

NASA Agency, ua khub ntawm 16 lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv ib feem mus rau "Alpha" ua txhaum rau vim hais tias Moscow tau muag qhov chaw mus rau lub nonprofessional.

Muaj yuav tsis muaj kev zoo siab

Tab sis underfunded Lavxias teb sab chaw kev pab cuam, uas tswj cov neeg nrog caij daim ntawv rau lub hom phiaj, "lub Union", tau txuas ntxiv mus xyaum ua tej yam nrog capitalism, high-flying, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab qhov tseeb hais tias tus nqi ntawm qhov pib npog tag nrho cov davhlau nqi. Long-term nyiaj ntsuab tsis txaus uas yuam cov Russians pib koj mus ncig teb chaws ua lag ua luam, nrhiav ib qhov chaw pab cuam ntawm Moscow tom qab lub Soviet cev qhuav dej. Tej no yog vim li cas, Russia twb tsis kam mus nres tsheb "Mir" tom qab ib cov ntaub ntawv 15 xyoo ntawm nws nyob rau hauv orbit.

Washington tau them tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm qhov kev tsim nqi, tab sis Moscow, uas tau unrivaled kev mus sij hawm ntev qhov chaw missions, tau tsim thiab ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb qhov chaw. Thaj, lub US txheem rau Tito lub davhlau yog politically kubsiab.