Tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm Russia: Keeb kwm thiab tiam

Administrative-hwv division yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv." Cov kev xyaum ntawm uas lub teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug ntau haiv neeg kev ntawm peb lub teb chaws proves tias yuav ua li cas competently teem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus hwv lub teb chaws nyob, inter alia, nws socio-economic kev loj hlob thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem.

Administrative kev sib cais nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tej yam kev mob yog ib tug complex lub xeev thiab kev cai lij choj hauv tsev, uas tsis tsuas yog muab zuag qhia tag nrho kev tswj ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev, tab sis kuj muaj cov kev tsim nyog nom tswv, ideological thiab socio-economic hauv paus rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws lub sij hawm, yuav luag nyob rau hauv nws kawg daim ntawv twb tsim txawm nyob rau hauv Catherine II. Nws twb thaum lub sij hawm nws reign tag nrho lub teb chaws raug faib mus rau hauv 50 lub xeev, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog muab faib mus rau hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog ib nqi hmoog rau lub fact tias tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm Russia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb raws li tsis nyob rau teb chaws los yog tej keeb kwm kos npe rau, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov pejxeem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xeev nws yog ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev, nrog ib tug neeg nyob ntawm 300 rau 400 txhiab tus neeg.

Qhov no hwv division ntawm Russia caum ob peb cov hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, cov cheeb tsam tau yooj yim npaum li mus tswj, kom lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yuam cov neeg hauv zos mus them se. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, kwv yees li tib yam pes tsawg tus ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tau coj los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov se, zoo tib yam rau cov nyiaj ua se, muaj zog imbalances twb tsis nyob rau hauv lub socio-economic kev loj hlob ntawm tej qhov chaw. Thaum kawg, thirdly, cov division ntawm lub teb chaws, densely populated nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug haiv neeg, ob peb lub xeev muaj, raws li lub hauv paus tub ceev xwm, kom ruaj kom tsis txhob lawv muaj siab rau kev ywj pheej thiab separatism.

Heev nyob rau lwm yam ntsiab cai, nqa tawm kev tswj-hwv division ntawm Russia, kos cov thawj coj ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv lub forefront muab nyiaj txiag feasibility ntawm kev sib cais ntawm tej cheeb tsam thiab cov cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau lwm yam, - lub taub hau ntawm ob lub USSR thiab RSFSR, yuav tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim mus tso ntawm lub siab xav ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm nationalities kom tau tsawg kawg yog cov kev cai thiab hwv autonomy . Tej zaum no tiam sis cov nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem nrog txhua lwm yam, ua rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub hwv qauv ntawm lub teb chaws.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm Soviet hwj chim muaj ib tug txheej txheem ntawm disaggregation ntawm lub qub huab tais lub xeev, uas coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw xws li Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets los yog Tsaritsynskaya. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tib lub sij hawm muaj tshiab active kev kawm ntawv, uas niaj hnub no ob peb cov neeg nco ntsoov - Commune ntawm lub Germans ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam, lub North Caucasus koom pheej, Lithuanian-Belarusian koom pheej thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tom qab, tag nrho cov thawj tswj thiab hwv muaj ntau haiv neeg twb hloov los ntawm ib tug ntshiab qauv, uas muaj ib tug peb-theem kev tswj system: lub cheeb tsam (Thaj av) - koog tsev kawm ntawv - tej thaj chaw. Tom qab rau hauv nruab nrab-1930s. districting twb xam tau tias ntxhais Khana-as, cov thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm lub RSFSR saws rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj kom txog thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR.

Lub hwv division ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, muaj pub npaum li cas los ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm, nws tau hloov ob quantitatively thiab qualitatively. Nyob rau hauv kev, es tsis txhob ntawm 16 lub autonomous republics uas yog ib feem ntawm lub RSFSR, tam sim no numbering 21 nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab koom pheej, txoj cai thiab kev ywj siab uas yog ua heev enhanced.

Zoo tag nrho cov siv yooj yim cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm cov neeg Yudais thiab siv yooj yim cheeb tsam kuj tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm republics, sharply sawv tawm los ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab cov cheeb tsam. Tus tshiab raws li txoj cai ntawm lub kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation hais txog tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov kevcai tswj, saws nyob rau hauv 1993, tab sis kuj ob sab sib dho ntawv cog lus uas tau xaus tau lus ntawm cov Center thiab lub cheeb tsam raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub Kwvyees li xyoo 1990.

Tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm Russia yog tam sim no dhau los ntawm ib tug heev nyuaj lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog vim, nyob rau hauv ib tes, lub fact tias feem ntau kawm tsis tau ntawm nws tus kheej ua kom tiav lawv cov kev sib khi, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - li ntawd, hais tias muaj yog tseem nro thiab cov kev phom sij ntawm separatist sentiment nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub teb chaws republics.