Xyoo Foundation ntawm Vladimir thiab lub xyoo ntawm tus thawj mention

Muaj ob peb lub zos nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, lub keeb kwm uas yog ua heev npaum li cas controversy li cov Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Xyoo Foundation ntawm Vladimir - lub kawm ntawm scientific sib cav tswv yim mus rau ze li ntawm ob centuries. Thiab tsis tshaj tawm kom txog thaum tam sim no cov kev tshwm sim ntawm no protracted sib cav tswv yim. Thiab niaj hnub no, lub founding xyoo ntawm Vladimir yog ib tug moot point.

Ob lub ntsiab versions

Cov los mus laij lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub zos ntawm ancient Russia rau thawj lub mention ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub annals. Tab sis peb xav nyob rau hauv tus piv ntawm lub nroog, txoj ntsiab cai no muaj peev xwm tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, vim muaj tej yam teeb meem. Xyoo hauv paus thiab tau hais rau hauv lub annals ntawm Vladimir qhia txawv. Lub nroog no, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv ( "Phau Ntawv Degrees," Vladimir chronicler Nikon, Kev Sawv Rov Los, Sofia Thawj Chronicle, thiab lwm tus neeg.), Tau ua Vladimirom Svyatoslavichem nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 10th caug xyoo.

Raws li lwm qhov chaw, lub hauv paus xyoo nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm Vladimir (Lviv, Thawj Novgorod) - 1108 feeb los yog hais txog lub sij hawm no. Lub nroog tau nrhiav tau, raws li lub thib ob pom, lub Vladimirom Monomahom, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Pereyaslavl.

Nyob rau dab tsi lub annals zaum xav txog cov feem ntau authoritative, lawv muab tso rau pem hauv ntej thiab pov thawj txawv cov lus xaus hais txog sib tam. Xyoo Foundation ntawm Vladimir thiab xyoo ntawm tus thawj mention ntawm nws xav ntau historians niaj hnub no.

Tswvyim Tatishchev thiab Karamzin

Piv txwv li, VN Tatishchev qhia ib tug ntawm cov thawj xav phem cais tsis hais txog cov thawj taw tes ntawm view. Nws ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 90-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua 10 nyob rau hauv lub annals txhais tau tias cov nyiaj them yug Vladimira Volynskogo, es tsis txhob ntawm Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau muaj pov thawj rau hauv lub taw tes ntawm view ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias mus txog rau lub sij hawm Yuriya Dolgorukogo Vladimir Zaleski yog tsis hais nyob qhov twg. NM Karamzin kuj ntaus nqi lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog mus pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th.

Lawv ntseeg Fedotov, Bunin thiab Voronin?

Feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm tom qab lub sij hawm tau nce haujlwm Karamzin thiab Tatishchev. Lawv sim bolster cov nqe lus ntawm tus tshiab sib cav hais tias lub founding xyoo ntawm Vladimir - 1108 feeb (los yog hais txog qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th). Suzdal thiab cov Rostov, Fedotov taw tes qhia tawm, zoo siab hais tias lub nroog ntawm lawv yog cov laus tshaj Vladimir. Rov qab ua dua lub cav Tatishcheva hais tias qhov no nroog yog tsis hais nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tsov rog nrog Oleg Mstislav nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, AI Bunin ntxiv tias Mstislav tom qab tso scorched Suzdal, txiav txim siab los nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv nws. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj ib tug twb tau Vladimir, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau nyob twj ywm.

Ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb Voronin NN tseem hais rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub founding xyoo ntawm Vladimir yuav tsum raug xam tias yog siv tau. Zaum nyob rau hauv lub 30-40-ies txiav txim nws kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm Lviv thiab tus thawj Novgorod Chronicle, nws txiav txim siab hais tias lub xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladimir - 1108 th. Txawm li cas los, muaj lwm yam kev xav.

Tswvyim Kosatkina thiab Iosaf

Insufficiently txhij txhua thiab scarce li cov nqe lus ntawm cov neeg uas ntseeg tau hais tias lub xyoo ntawm lub nroog Vladimir hauv paus yog ua ntej lawm. Kosatkin thiab Iosaf qhia xov xwm, nto moo rau tus Nikon Chronicle, Andreya Bogolyubskogo Luca Hrizovergom, Byzantine patriarch. Nws yog hais tias lub nroog yog founded los ntawm Vladimir Svyatoslavich. Txawm li cas los, cov sau phau ntawv criticized lub fact tias cov credibility ntawm no xov xwm twb tsis tau pov thawj.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm faus npib

Xyoo Foundation ntawm Vladimir thiab xyoo ntawm tus thawj mention ntawm nws yog tseem xav nyob rau hauv Tikhonravov. Koj yuav tsis hu ib tug pov sib cav hais tias zaum ua los ua pov thawj ua ntej lawm hnub lub finds nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm hoards ntawm cov nyiaj npib teej tug mus rau lub 7-10 th centuries.

Tw sib cav hais tias cov nyiaj npib yuav raug coj mus faus ntau centuries tom qab tuaj mus rau hauv kev. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum nws tsuas yog raws, tab sis suab tsis zoo li. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam uas ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj npib 7-10 centuries tau kiag li lawm los ntawm ib tug neeg thiab tsis tau ntxiv tsis muaj ib npib uas sau hnub tim rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm thaum faus, thaum cov khoom muaj nqis nkaum. Nws mas, txawm li cas los, hais tias cov kev ruaj khov Tikhonravov txoj hauj lwm yog lwm. Thaum ib tug heev brisk nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm ancient luam Volga lawv nyob hoards ntawm cov nyiaj npib. Nws yog heev tej zaum yuav hais tias lawv tej zaum yuav tsis muaj ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo nrog Vladimir, txawm lub fact tias tau them rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 10th caug xyoo.

Moments tsis thaum twg yog xav tau ib co kws tshawb fawb

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, xa mus rau cov nqe lus ntawm zaum uas ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm Vladimir yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 12th caug xyoo, lub ib txwm xav txog lo lus nug no nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm, tsis kov cov teeb meem ntawm Christianization ntawm Rus Northeast tshaj narrows twb artificially pluag qhov chaw puag. Nws yog feem ntau hloov los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm sau cov ntaub ntawv Siv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv tsis tseem ceeb pov thawj. Los ntawm cov annals tej zaum rho qhov chaw tsis tooj mus rau tsim tshawb pom ntawm txawv zaum.

Yog Vladimir Monomakh nrhiav tau lub nroog?

Vaj Keeb Kwm hais tias lub nroog twb nrhiav tau los ntawm Vladimir Svyatoslavich, NN Voronin tshaj tawm hais tias legendary. Lawv cov tsos, nws kev cob cog rua nrog lub ua puag ncig chronicles Andrei Bogolyubov, uas nrhiav los ua pov thawj rau hauv lub antiquity ntawm lub nroog peb xav yuav txhim khu lub hwj chim ntawm lub Vladimir-Suzdal nqi zog, thiab lub peev, ntsig txog, ntawm no nqi zog.

Yuav ua li cas yuav koj hais txog nws? Piv txwv, raws li cov pa txhab hais txog dab tsi xyoo hauv lub nroog ntawm Vladimir puag yog keeb kwm yeej muaj tseeb, nws tau tsa nyob rau hauv 1108. Nyob rau hauv lub 1111 m yug Andrew Bogolyubskii, piv txwv li tom qab tsuas yog peb lub xyoos tom qab lub nroog raug nrhiav tau, Vladimir Monomakh. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam tus siab heev tub cheev xwm None tseeb tiag contemporaries uas pom Qhia Vladimir hais tias nws raug raws li tsis Monomakh, thiab ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo dhau los. Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias ib tug ntse politician tub huabtais Andrew yuav suav rau hnovqab contemporaries, raws li zoo raws li saib tsis taus mus rau lub Vladimir Monomakh, nws kuj zoo kawg yawm txiv, uas nyiam ib tug exceptional lub koob npe nrov nyob rau hauv Russia.

Txawm li cas los, txog thaum peb mus txog tus naas ej "Instruction" Vladimir Monomakh cov me nyuam thiab chronicle ntawm nws lub neej raws li ib feem ntawm lub Laurentian Chronicle. Narrated nyob rau hauv nws hais txog cov heev heev campaigns ntawm tus tub huabtais, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Vladimir tsis muaj mention.

Lub ntsiab sib cav los ntawm UFW tom qab

Cia peb xav txog qhov sib cav, uas yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus version hais tias lub nroog yog founded hauv thaum ntxov 12th caug xyoo. Oleg Svyatoslavich yuav nyob rau hauv 1096 Suzdal thiab Rostov, tab sis lub onslaught ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm Mstislav ntawm Novgorod twb tsis ntev yuam kom thim rov qab rau Moore. Nws hlawv Suzdal, retreating. Tsis muaj dab tsi yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hais txog Vladimir, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab nws txoj hmoo, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm Oleg. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias lub nroog tsis muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm.

Peb muab xav li no sib cav pov?

Nws yuav tsis yog yuav xam tau tias yog conclusive sib cav no. Firstly, nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau Oleg yuav tsum tau ua raws li los ntawm lub zos no, raws li los ntawm Suzdal rau Muromu yog ntau cos txoj kev, nyob ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nerl River. Nws yuav ntxhais Khana-as ntawm hasty tawm rau lengthen nws los ntawm ntau li ntau raws li kaum mais deb. Lub typographical annals, thiab tib ob, muaj ib tug 1095 xyoo xov xwm ntawm Vladimir, uas yog hais txog cov txheej xwm uas lub sij hawm. Nws hais tias Oleg coj Vladimir, cov lwm lub zos.

Contrary rau lig sib tam ntawm qhov chaw xws npe raws li Pochayna, Lybed, Irpen. Lawv Kiev. Yog hais tias lub nroog yog founded Monomakh, nws yuav muaj kuab rau cia siab tias Pereiaslav npe, raws li qhov no None yog Pereyaslavl kom txog rau thaum 1113, thiab cov neeg uas tuaj nrog nws, yuav tsuas yuav ntawm no nqi zog. NN Voronin, txawm li cas los, xav kom tus cwj pwm cov tsos ntawm cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis zoo li, txij thaum lub sij hawm uas Andrew Bogolyubskii yog nyob rau hauv tawm tsam Kiev thiab cia siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kawm lub capital nyob rau masters ntawm Galich.

Thiab tsis tau lub hauv paus xyoo Vladimir yog keeb kwm yeej muaj tseeb? Tu siab, hnub no peb yuav teb tsis tau lo lus nug no unambiguously. Irrefutable sib cav hais tias Vladimir sawv tom qab, tsis yog, piv txwv li, lub fact tias cov kab lis kev cai txheej teej tug mus rau 10-11 th centuries, twb tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws. Nws yog tsis paub tseeb hais tias archaeologically ntau ntawm cov ancient lub zos. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog raws li pov thawj ntawm rov - ua ntej lawm hnub nws tshwm sim. Feeb ntau, lub xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladimir - 1108 th. Nyob rau hauv 1958 nws cim nws 850th hnub yug.

Thaum twg lub nroog raug nrhiav tau, nws pib nrog lub sij hawm kom loj hlob thiab loj hlob ua tsaug rau qhov kev kho mob Yuriya Dolgorukogo thiab Vladimir Monomakh. Nyob rau hauv 1157 Andrew tsiv ntawm no Bogolyubskii capital ntawm lub nceeg vaj.