Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob muaju ntawm ntsev thiab lwm yam?

Nyob rau hauv lub school laboratory thiab tom tsev koj yuav tau txais zoo nkauj ib muaju los yog pawg ntawm me me muaju, lawv npog txawv khoom (daim ntawv clips, tawm ntawm cov xov, ntawv figurines). Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob muaju ntawm ntsev yaj nyob rau hauv dej? Los ntawm leej twg uas xav mus lees paub qhov no nthuav kev, yuav tsum tau cov neeg, xim, thiab yog tua ntawm cov lus qhia.

Yuav ua li cas yog crystallization?

Thaum dissolving lub substance nyob rau hauv dej, tus hais mus rau hauv cov kua. Cov rov qab tshwm sim no yog hu ua "crystallization". Qhov no txoj kev yog txuam nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub solubility ntawm lub substance ntawm txawv kub. Los ntawm maj txias muaju poob tawm ntawm lub roj nyeem tov. Tus duab ntawm lub resulting hais yog zoo ib yam li cubes, diamonds nrog ib tug ntse, ncaj npoo thiab du sab. Haum rau qhov xyaum ua tej txawv tebchaw: sodium tshuaj dawb, qab zib, poov tshuaj dichromate, tooj liab sulphate thiab lwm yam. Lawv muab ib tug txawv cov duab thiab cov xim muaju. Qhov tseem muaj ntawm cov dej-soluble sib txuas - ntsev. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau neeg, nws tsis ua rau kub yus nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov tawv nqaij los yog hauv lub cev. Cia peb nrhiav tau tawm sai npaum li cas kom loj hlob ntsev muaju.

yuav pab tau yim pab

ua raws li tej yam yooj yim cov kev cai yuav tsum tau thaum ua kev. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau mus sai sai tau loj muaju ntawm kev zoo:

• siv demineralised los yog distilled dej ;
• tshuaj kom loj hlob muaju muaj zoo solubility;
• siv nyob rau hauv ib tug huv thawv;
• lim kua (los ntawm ib tug ua tau daim ntawv phuam).

Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau cai, tab sis mus rau co thiab tsiv mus nyob rau lub thawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav. Muaj coob tus neeg xav li cas kom loj hlob muaju ntawm ntsev, yog li ntawd lawv yog ib tug me me. Tag nrho cov nyob ntawm lub ntsuas kub ntawm uas cov tshuaj yog nyeem thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm undissolved hais thiab impurities.

Nrog qeeb txias ntawm loj muaju caij nplooj zeeg, thiab nyob ceev - ib tug ntau ntawm medium thiab me me. Yuav kom txias lub hub nrog cov tshuaj tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv ib tug txias chav tsev, los yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tais ntawm dej thiab dej khov.

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom yog yuav tsum tau rau cov kev?

Lab "Sau qoob rau ntsev muaju" yuav ntse ua nyob rau ntawm lub tsev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug heev yooj yim cov khoom thiab tshuaj:

• ib khob hwj los yog beaker (yuav tau bank);
• yias rau cua sov nyob rau hauv ib tug dej da dej;
• lub tais nrog dej txias, nyob rau hauv uas lub roj nyeem tov yog txias;
• coli rau stirring (iav los yog ntoo);
• lub funnel thiab lim daim ntawv (daim ntawv phuam);
• Tus pas ntsuas kub rau dej;
• tooj liab hlau, clip;
• xov;
• ice cream stick los yog xaum rau;
• polstakana ntsev;
• demineralized dej.

Yuav ua li cas rau muaju ntsev? Instruction rau laboratory chaw ua hauj lwm

Xaiv nyob rau hauv ua ntej ntawm lub muaju ntawm ntsev, qhov loj tshaj plaws cov zaub mov, lawv yuav pab li noob hais. Khi kom lawv txoj hlua, qhwv nws lo los ntawm cov mis nyuj khov (tus xaum). Thaum muab qhov no preform thiab npaj ib nyeem tov. Nws yuav tsum tau siv ntawm ib tug rhaub. Yuav ceev faj tsis txhob ua nchuav dej kub tsis tau kub tuag los ntawm cov burner.

Progress:

1. Ib tug teaspoon ntsev ncuav rau hauv ib hub dej thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug dej da dej (90 ° C). Lossi do cov kua wand kom txog thaum tiav xaus ntawm ntsev feem.
2. Mus ntxiv rau hauv lub tshuaj kom txog rau thaum nws yaj. Xav hais tias hais tias nyob rau ntawm 100 ° C nyob rau hauv 100 ml ntawm dej twb yaj 39,2 g ntawm sodium tshuaj dawb.
3. Thaum saturation yog mus txog, kaw cia rau hauv lub cua sov. Lim cov kub kua mus rau lwm yam bank.
4. Ntsw ib tug tseem sov tov twb threaded nrog lub particle rau pib cov txheej txheem.

Tom qab ib co sij hawm kom loj hlob ib tug siv lead ua ntsev. Nws yuav tsum tau thiab npuaj qhuav rau ntawm daim ntawv phuam. Nws yog ua tau mus nqa tawm ib qho kev xyaum ua tej yam tsis muaj pib lub crystallization los yog tsawg xov khi rau tus hlau clip. Nws yuav loj hlob muaju. Yog hais tias koj npog lawv nrog cov kua roj vanish, lawv yog zoo dua khaws cai.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau cov kob xiav muaju?

Tooj sulfate yog ib co soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. loj xiav muaju yuav zus los ntawm no substance. Cia li tsum tau ceev faj mus nqa tawm kev - ib tug tshuaj lom compound. Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob muaju ntawm lub ntsev uas yog ib tug crystalline hydrate ntawm tooj liab sulfate? Koj muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib tug loj thiab zoo nkauj heev qauv, Yog hais tias koj muab tso rau hauv pib cov tshuaj. Yog xav tau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug saucer ncuav ib me ntsis ntawm ib tug supersaturated tov ntawm tooj liab sulfate thiab sab laug thaum hmo ntuj. Los ntawm cov cais muaju yog xaiv ib tug uas loj, khi rau ib tug txhob lo lo ntxhuav xov thiab raus nyob rau hauv kub roj nyeem tov thiaj li hais tias nws tsis kov cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm tooj liab sulfate ua txhua yam dej suab, nws yuav ib tug daj ntseg greenish hmoov tooj liab sulfate. Nws yuav tsum tau npaj txhij mus rau qhuav siv lead ua thiab lacquered.

Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob muaju ntawm ntsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov nuj nqis?

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj npaj nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev qhia ntawv brine, tooj liab sulfate, suab thaj, poov tshuaj dichromate (rau ntau raj mis). Rau dawb tshuaj yuav siv zaub mov dyes. Ua ib tug nyias hlau daim duab los yog daim ntawv. Dawb woolen threads ua tib zoo qhwv nws. Lower scaffolds npaj nyob rau hauv ncua nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tau txias supersaturated ntsiab uas lawv tsis kov hauv qab thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub kaus poom. Ib hnub twg los yog sai figurines them nrog muaju. Tshem lawv huab cua qhuav rau ib daim ntawv phuam thiab npog nrog tsis muaj kob ntsia thawv polish. Ib tug ob peb cov tswv yim rau cov zus muaju:

• kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab "Solutions";
• tsim daim ntawv qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm laboratory chaw ua hauj lwm;
• Kho kom zoo nkauj festive phab ntsa xov xwm;
• zus tau tej cov Christmas khoom ua si rau Christmas ntoo;
• khoom plig rau tej phooj ywg, cov xib fwb, cov niam txiv;
• kev tsim ib phau ntawm lub zus muaju.