Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev? Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cavalry

Nws yog tus kawg yuav tsum muaj hom rog dua los ntawm tus taw troops zoo li ib rab riam los ntawm butter. Tej cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev muaj peev xwm mus tua kaum lub sij hawm superior rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ko taw, vim nws muaj maneuverability, muaj thiab muaj peev xwm rau ceev ceev thiab muaj hwj chim nres. Lub cavalry yog tsis tsuas muaj sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm los ntawm tus so ntawm lub tub rog, nws yuav mus ntev mus nyob rau hauv ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm, tshwm nyob rau hauv lub rear thiab nyob rau hauv flanks ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Cavalry yuav instantly tig ib ncig thiab regroup nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem no, hloov ib hom ntawm kev txiav txim rau lwm tus, uas yog, cov txiv neej twb tau mus tua, thiab nyob rau ko taw, thiab nyob rau nees. Qhov teeb meem yog solved nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem - thiab tactical, thiab ua hauj lwm zoo thiab xaiv yaam.

kev faib cavalry

Ib yam li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab infantry, muaj muaj peb pab pawg neeg. Lub teeb cavalry (hussars thiab lancers, thiab nyob rau hauv 1867 lawv twb koom los ntawm Cossacks) nws tau tsim rau reconnaissance thiab saib xyuas kev pab cuam. Tawm dragoons twb qhia - Ameslikas lawv hu ua dragons, thaum lub infantry twb cia li muab tso rau hauv tus nees. Tom qab, nws tau los ua lub npe ntawm tus hlau railings, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau ko taw. Tshwj xeeb hwjchim ci ntsa iab dragoons tau nyob rau hauv Peter lub Great. Qhov thib peb pab pawg neeg hlau railings - lus (nyob rau hauv txhais lus - tsis ncaj ncees lawm) thiab hnyav - thiab muaj Cossack Kalmucks thiab hnyav ncawv armed cuirassiers uas twb masters serried tawm tsam.

Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, lub cavalry twb muab faib yooj yim rau ib qho yooj yim, medium thiab hnyav, uas depended feem ntau nyob rau hauv tus luj ntawm lub nees. Ib qho yooj yim - nees huntsman, lancers, hussars (nees tiv kev txom nyem tsib puas kilograms), nruab nrab - Dragoons (mus txog rau) mob loj heev - cov Knights, Reiter, grenadiers, tus carabinieri, lub cuirassiers (nees nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, weighing ntau tshaj yim kilograms). Lub Cossacks ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tau hais tias yuav lus cavalry, tab sis maj mam haum rau hauv tus qauv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, noj ib lub rooj zaum tom ntej no mus rau lub dragoons. Hais tias Cossack li hlau railings tso kom muaj kab muaj kev yog lub ntsiab lub kev hem thawj rau tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo pua. Nees pab tub rog tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov chav nyob raws li cov kev tswj cai thiab cov hom phiaj. Qhov no yog ib tug xaiv yaam, tswv yim zoo, pem hauv ntej thiab cov tub rog cavalry.

Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus paub ob hom ntawm pab tub rog - infantry thiab cavalry, tab sis nws yog los ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no yeej sib ntaus sib tua, kev ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm engineering thiab thauj, los npog cov tsheb, txawm tias lub ntsiab qhov chaw yog nyob hauv khiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub infantry. Nees tau siv kom xa cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Qhov no tshwm sim kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua eleventh. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm infantry rau muaj vaj huam sib rho yeej nrog caij, ces tus cavalry pib mus rau tus thawj. Tej zaum nws yog ces, thiab muaj ib lub thawj cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Ua swb nyob rau hauv tsov rog nrog rau steppe neeg tau qhia lub Kievan princes, thiab tsis ntev los ua lub Lavxias teb sab caij nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev ua tsis tau zoo: txim, ncaav, rallied, siab tawv.

Ces pib lub ntsiab yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1242 lub cavalry ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm lub Teutonic Knights (sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice). Ces yog Kulikovo qhov twg Zasadnyy spare li hlau railings Dmitriya Donskogo predetermined lub sij hawm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib pab tub rog hordes. Thaum lub Mongols yog ib lub poob siab, lub teeb cavalry, txig tsa (Tumen, txhiab, pua pua los yog kaum), uas yog tswv lub zoo meej nyo hau, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug hmuv, ntaj, ib tug taus thiab ib lub club. Lub tactic yog ib feem Persian los yog Parthian - sunset teeb cavalry nyob rau hauv flank thiab rear, ces leej thiab ntev shelling ntawm lub Mongolian ntev-ntau bows, thiab thaum kawg crushing quab yuam nres, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnyav cavalry. Tactics sim thiab yuav luag invincible. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab cavalry twb tsim kom hais tias nws yuav mas nws.

Boomstick

Lub thib kaum rau xyoo pua coj tuaj rau lub fore ib qho yooj yim cavalry, armed nrog phom, vim qhov kev hloov no thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab txoj kev siv nws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los. Yav tas los cais cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab nrog txias steel, yog tam sim no Shooting tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv kab ncaj qha los ntawm tus nees. Qauv tso kom muaj kab muaj kev yog sib sib zog nqus txaus, mus txog rau kaum tsib los yog ntau tshaj ibyam uas yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lem los ntawm ib qhov kev pab txiav txim nyob rau thawj kab.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo, thiab muaj dragoons thiab cuirassiers. Swedish cavalry thib kaum xya xyoo pua muaj nkaus ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv battlefield, Korol Gustav Adolphus cavalry kab nyob rau hauv ob kab lus ntawm plaub ibyam, uas tau muab rau ib tug loj loj pab tub rog ntawm ib tug haib dag zog yuam, muaj peev xwm sawv los tsoo tsis tau tsuas yog txiav txim siab nres, tab sis kuj cov yooj maneuver. Nws tuaj tawm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub squadrons thiab cavalry regiments. Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua cavalry yog ntau tshaj li tsib caug rau ib xees ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, thiab lub infantry nyob rau hauv Fabkis yog ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab lub sij hawm tsawg.

peb muaj

Nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua cavalry yog twb subdivided rau hauv hnyav, medium thiab lub teeb, tab sis ntau npaum li cas ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua, yog tsim manorial mobilization ntawm cov txiv neej thiab nees, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob yog heev txawv kev kawm Lavxias teb sab cavalry thiab Western teb chaws Europe. Qhov no tshaaj system yog sau Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog loj heev aristocratic cavalry. Twb nyob rau hauv Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, nws los ua tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub me nyuam ntawm pab tub rog, numbering yim caum txhiab tus neeg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Livonian ua tsov ua rog tsis yog ib tug Cossack cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg Lavxias teb sab cavalry maj hloov. kev pab tub rog twb tsim nyob rau hauv Peter Pevom qhov twg cavalry yog Boel plaub caug txhiab dragoons - plaub caug regiments. Nws yog ces hais tias lub caij tau kis mus rau kev pab rab phom. Northern ua tsov ua rog tau qhia rau cov cavalry ua ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava li hlau railings Menshikov ua heev resourcefully, thiab ko taw. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub decisive sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua yog tus lus cavalry, uas muaj Kalmyks thiab Cossacks.

charter

Petrine kev lig kev cai twb revived nyob rau hauv 1755 huab tais Elizabeth: tau tsim thiab ua tswvcuab cavalry charter, ntau paub kev sib ntaus los ntawm kev siv ntawm cavalry nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua. Twb tau nyob rau 1756 lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau koom rau cov tiv thaiv cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, rau thiab rau cuirassier Grenadier, kaum yim full-lub sij hawm thiab ob dragoon regiments txheej. Cov lus cavalry li Kalmyks thiab Cossacks twb dua.

Lavxias teb sab cavalry twb kawm tsis tuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau zoo tshaj tej European, uas twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub Xya Xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nws tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb cavalry, raws li nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum cuaj, thaum qhov loj ntawm lub pab tub rog, lub cavalry yog subdivided rau hauv ib tug tub rog thiab xaiv yaam. Cov yav tas twb npaj rau nqe ntaus rog, ob qho tib si ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ua ke nrog rau lwm cov ceg ntawm cov tub rog, thiab cov tub rog tsev yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov platoon rau tso kom muaj kab muaj kev thiab infantry units uas yuav tsum tau rau kev ruaj ntseg, kev sib txuas lus thiab txawj ntse.

puas tawm xyoo dhau

Napoleon muaj plaub cavalry corps - plaub caug txhiab horsemen. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog caum-tsib cavalry regiments, ntawm lawv - tsib tiv thaiv, yim cuirassier, dragoon peb caug-rau, kaum ib thiab tsib hussar Ulan, piv txwv li kaum ib kev sib cais, tsib cais cov vaj tse ntxiv rau cov cavalry corps. Lavxias teb sab cavalry sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv txhob txwm rau nees, thiab lawv tau ua si lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua lub hwj chim ntawm artillery hluav taws kev kawm tau nce ntau lub sij hawm, tab sis vim hais tias cov cavalry nqa ib tug tsis tau lossis loj. Ces sawv thiab hais lus kom yuav tsum tau rau nws lub neej.

Cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, txawm li cas los, tau qhia txoj kev vam meej ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm pab tub rog. Lawm, yog hais tias tus kev sib ntaus los cob qhia ntais ntawv thiab competent commanders. Raids nyob rau lub rear thiab kev sib txuas lus tau sib sib zog nqus thiab zoo heev, txawm lub fact tias revolvers thiab carbines twb tsis yog gunshot, tab sis kuj threaded. Txuas Americans thaum yuav luag yeej tsis siv. Lub US yog tseem lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg reverence. Yog li ntawd, 2 cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev (Dragoons, 2nd cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev) yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv 1836 thiab maj, tsis muaj kev hloov lub npe, los ua thawj me me, ces tus mechanized infantry. Tam sim no nws yog nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, yog ib feem ntawm ib tug contingent ntawm US pab tub rog.

Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, txawm nyob rau hauv thaum pib, lub cavalry yog hais txog kaum ib npib tooj per ntawm cov tub rog, nrog rau cov kev pab, daws cov teeb meem ntawm tactical thiab ua hauj lwm zoo. Txawm li cas los, qhov ntxiv uas pab tub rog artillery, tshuab phom thiab aircraft, ib feem ntawm nws cavalry raug kev txom nyem losses puas tau ntau loj heev, thiab yog li ntawd ua zoo tsis zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los. Piv txwv li, lub kev tawm kev ntawm sib ntaus sib tua pom lub German High kom ua, nqa Sventsiany txhob thaum rau cavalry kev sib cais siv. Tab sis nws yog, tej zaum, tsuas zoo piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug lub tswv yim.

Lavxias teb sab cavalry thawj lub ntiaj teb yog xauv npo - peb caug-rau kev sib cais, ob puas txhiab zoo-kawm caij - tab sis kev vam meej, txawm nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub tsov ua rog twb heev me me, thiab thaum nws tuaj lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm thiab maneuvers lawm, sib ntaus sib tua rau no hom ntawm rog muaj suab ceased. Tag nrho troopers dismounted thiab mus rau hauv lub trenches. Cov hloov tej yam kev mob ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis muaj dab tsi Lavxias teb sab hais kom ua tsis tau kawm: raug nqi ntau cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov lus qhia, nws tsuag lub cavalry nyob rau pem hauv ntej qhov ntev thiab siv tau raws li ib tug heev txawj fighters procurers. Teachings mob siab mus tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ze kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub eeb, thiab qhov pib ntawm ko taw yog yuav luag tsis tau ua tiav raws li. Tom qab tsov rog, Western pab tub rog tau motorized thiab mechanized cavalry maj tshem tawm los yog txo kom tsawg li tsawg, raws li nyob rau hauv Fabkis, Ltalis, Great teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland tseem tag nrho kaum ib cavalry brigades.

"Peb - liab cavalry ..."

Tsim ntawm lub Soviet cavalry pib nrog lub creation ntawm lub Red Army, uas yog heev yooj yim ua nyob rau hauv 1918. Ua ntej, tag nrho cov qhov chaw uas nkag rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thiab tus nees thiab tus caij twb nyob los ntawm txawv teb chaws interventionists thiab lub dawb. Cov commanders Corporate. Tom qab lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsuas yog peb cavalry regiments ntawm lub qub tub rog tag nrho los ua ib feem ntawm lub Soviet. Ob txhais caj npab thiab mos txwv nws yog tseem phem heev. Yog li ntawd, raws li xws li, tus thawj cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev tshiab units nyob tsis nyob rau hauv ib zaug. Thaum xub thawj muaj cia li muaj ib puas nees, troops, squadrons.

Piv txwv li, B. Dumenko tsim nyob rau hauv 1918 los ntawm ib tug me me guerrilla unit nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nws twb thawj Don cavalry brigade, ces - nyob rau Tsaritsyn Pem hauv ntej - txoj kev cavalry Division. Nyob rau hauv 1919, tiv thaiv Denikin tau siv cia li los ntawm ob nees-kos lub cev. Liab cavalry yog cov haib tshaj tawm dag zog yuam, yog tsis devoid ntawm kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm cov hom phiaj, tab sis kuj zoo kawg nkaus tsom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1919, nws tau tsim lub Thawj cavalry Army, nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1920 - thib ob. Combining thiab txuas Liab cavalry tuav tag nrho: thiab Denikin thiab Kolchak, thiab Wrangel thiab cov Polish pab tub rog.

cavalry mus ib txhis

Tom qab tsov rog cavalry ntev tseem loj nyob rau hauv lub Red Army pab tub rog. Sib cais yog nyob rau hauv ib tug xaiv yaam (corps thiab kev sib cais) thiab cov tub rog (unit muaj li ntawm infantry units). Tsis tas li ntawd los ntawm lub 20s nyob rau hauv lub Red Army thiab twb tau mus kawm los ntawm lub teb chaws units - feeb Cossacks (nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm cov kev txwv, lub rhuav pov tseg nyob rau hauv 1936), lub horsemen ntawm lub North Caucasus. Los ntawm txoj kev, tom qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov neeg Commissar ntawm kws muaj txuj ci, 1936 cavalry units tau ua tsis tshua muaj neeg Cossack. Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub opposite cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug perestroika lub sij hawm muaj ib tug ubiquitous, hais tias ua ntej tus poj Patriotic heev heev cavalry troops tau twb tsis muaj teb chaws ntawm tus soviets, nws yog tsim nyog los lub hom phiaj tseeb: cov ntaub ntawv hais tias yog tsis muaj "chaw tos txais Budyonny" tsis yog, thiab cov cavalry nyob rau hauv 1937 nws tau tsis yeem los ntawm ntau tshaj ob zaug, ces - los ntawm 1940-mu nws xwb txawm sai.

Txawm li cas los, txoj kev peb muaj qhov txhia chaw, thiab nws twb tsis muaj ciam. Zhukov muaj dua nyob rau hauv thawj lub lim piam ntawm kev tsov rog taw tes qhia tawm hais tias cov cavalry underestimated. Thiab nws tau tom qab kho tas. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no 1941 cavalry ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II yog cia li tsim nyog yuav luag qhov txhia chaw. Ze Smolensk, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm raids ua tsib cavalry kev sib cais, pab tus so ntawm peb pab tub rog tau muab tsis tau tsuas yog teeb meem loj, nws yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua rau overestimate. Thiab ces Yelnia twb nyob rau hauv lub counter-offensive, hais tias cov cavalry ncua mus kom ze fascist reserves, thiab hais tias yog vim li cas txoj kev vam meej twb paub. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub division ntawm Moscow twb cavalry. Nyob rau hauv 1943, ze li ntawm ob puas thiab tsib caug txhiab horsemen tiv thaiv nees nkaum-rau kev sib cais (nyob rau hauv 1940 muaj tsuas yog 13, thiab tag nrho nrog ib tug tsawg dua tus xov tooj). Don Cossack Corps dim Vienna. Kuban - Prague.

11 cais cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev

Yog tsis muaj nws, tsis yuav muaj cov peb nyiam movies. Qhov no kev twb kev txuas yog cia li zoo li tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus, koom rau cov Tub Rog ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis twb siv rau hauv lub taij ntawm ib tug yeeb yam. 11 cais cavalry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev - xov tooj 55605 tub rog unit tsim nyob rau hauv 1962. Nws yog chiv los ntawm tus thawj coj Sergei Bondarchuk. Thawj masterpiece, tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm lub tso kom muaj kab muaj kev yeej yuav tsis tau coj qhov chaw, nto moo thiab zoo nkauj zaj duab xis epic "ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb". Nws yog nyob rau hauv no tso kom muaj kab muaj kev twb lam Andrey Rostotsky thiab Sergei Zhigunov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm "cinematic" tsov rog kom txog thaum lub '90s them Mosfilm, ces nws yog mus txuas ntxiv, ntawm chav kawm, ua tsis tau.

Kaum lub sij hawm yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm riders, lawv tshuav ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj plaub thiab tsawg tshaj li ib puas thiab tsib caug nees. Muaj cov tso kom muaj kab muaj kev nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm cov Ministry ntawm Culture thiab Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci. Tseem, cov lus nug ntawm cov ua kom tiav disbandment yog heev loj heev. Tsuas yog ib tug tsis txaus siab rau tus thawj tswj hwm Nikita Mikhalkov tau pab cawm 11 cavalry. Qhov no pab tau nws kom ib tug zaj duab xis "Tus Barber ntawm Siberia". Nyob rau hauv 2002, nws yog tsis muaj lawm Thawj Tswj Hwm li hlau railings tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, thiab saib xyuas escort muaj li ntawm cov Medal tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias twb blockbusters yog yug los nrog nws! "Tub huabtais Igor", "Dawb Tshav ntawm cov suab puam", "Waterloo", "Hais txog cov neeg pluag hussar ...", "Khiav", "sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow", "Thawj cavalry", "Bagration", "Cov Dub xub", "Peter zoo kawg thiab. "