Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug computer architecture?

Leej twg uas tau txiav txim los mus tshawb nrhiav lub ntaus ntawv hluav taws xob computer, nco ntsoov tuaj nyob ib lub sij hawm "computer architecture". Ua kom tiav nws txhais yuav qhia tsis tau vim hais tias lub tswvyim yog ib yam nkaus thiab generalized thiab ib tug txiav txim siab nws los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev pab raws qib. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, thaum piav txog kev mloog kom lub software tivthaiv (hais kom ua, sau, nco), thiab lwm yam - tus kho vajtse muaj tus ntaus ntawv Cheebtsam thiab lawv txoj kev koom tes. Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab computer tswv yog feem ntau txaus siab rau accessories, tsis pab ua ke, ces peb xav txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm no sab.

Khoos phib tawj architecture yog ib txoj kev Workers tus sis ntawm cov Cheebtsam hais tias ua li ib tug computer. Mus piv rau qhov kev nkag siab yog ib feem piav lub ntsiab yam ntxwv tseem ceeb Cheebtsam.

Tag nrho cov niaj hnub computers yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua hauv paus ntsiab lus, npaj los ntawm John von Neumann nyob rau hauv 1946. Ib tug txawv feature yog ib tug cyclic txoj kev ntawm kev ua tau tej txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas lub operands thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas muab tso rau hauv tib lub cim xeeb block. Incidentally, qhov no qhia txog yog vim li cas lub computer architecture von Neumann (Neumann) yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov niaj hnub computers. Txawm li cas los, cov me nyuam tau ua txav mus deb ntawm nws rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

Tiam sis rov qab mus rau lub ntaus ntawv uas yuav txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm qhov architecture ntawm ib tug tus kheej lub computer. Txawm tias muaj ntau yam los ntawm cov hauv paus xam tshuab hu ua ib tug central ua chav tsev (CPU), txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm classic computer systems, qhov no yog debatable.

Lub ntsiab caij uas kov cia koj qhia kom meej uas computer architecture siv ib tug motherboard. Nws diluted kev sib txuas lus txoj kab (bus) ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub motherboard (thiab txhua lwm yam) los ntawm txoj kev connectors thiab ports. Yog tsis muaj universal motherboard, txij li thaum lawv txhua txhua tus no yog tsim los ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug zoo-sau tseg hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm processors.

Lub CPU - xyuas tub ntxhais ntawm lub tag nrho lub computer. Nws muaj lub loj nti nrog billions ntawm transistors nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua rau kev haumxeeb blocks. Tej khiav rau lub tua ntawm cov kev pab cuam yam tsis muaj tus neeg siv yog hloov dua siab tshiab (txhais) rau hauv lub tshuab code thiab tua nws nyob rau hauv CPU. Khoos phib tawj architecture yog lom zem ntau txiav txim los ntawm lub hom CPU.

Interface tsheb npav, raws li twb tau hais, lub cev sawv cev los ntawm kev sib txuas lus kab. Nyob rau hauv raws li lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev sib qhia:

• CPU thiab RAM modules;
• ntawm ports kev cob cog rua lwm pab kiag li lawm thiab nco. Muaj yog ib tug mechanism uas tso cai rau kev tivthaiv qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug system nco ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb xws li, bypassing lub hauv paus ua tsev;
• ntawm cov ports ntawm lub motherboard thiab CPU.

RAM yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm tej xam ntaus ntawv, txawm tias ib tug yooj yim lub tshuab xam zauv. Lub computer nco transistors siv nyob rau hauv tej daim soldered mus rau lub PCB bracket nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm zawv zawg cov neeg uas tooj liab. Txhua sawb yog tso rau hauv lub tsim nyog motherboard connector. CPU chav kawm ntawv txhais ib tiam txhawb nco modules. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus Intel Core2Duo processor yog tsim los ua hauj lwm nrog DDR2 nco, lub tom ntej Core yuav siv cov xwb DDR3.

Sib nrug los ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj yog ib tug fundamentally sib txawv hom ntawm lub cim xeeb. Nws yog sawv cev, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug sib nqus disk ntaus ntawv (HDD).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hauv Cheebtsam, muaj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm sab nraud pab kiag li lawm. Tsuas yog ua tsaug rau lawv yog ua tau rau muab tib neeg-tshuab sis raug zoo. Piv txwv li, ib tug saib, ib tug nas, keyboard, kov screen, raws li zoo li ib tug scanner, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam - tag nrho cov sab nraud pab kiag li lawm, tsis muaj uas cov computer yuav tseem yuav nyob ib tug yooj yim hlau box, ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej.

Qhov no daim ntawv qhia tsuas yog ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub computer architecture. Yog xav paub ntaub ntawv rau lub Cheebtsam yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv Internet.