Yuav ua li cas yog ntsuas tawg? ionizing tawg

Lub tswvyim ntawm "tawg" yog nrees rooted nyob rau hauv peb lub hlwb raws li ib tug heev zoo thiab txaus ntshai tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg tseem yuav tau siv nws rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj. Yuav ua li cas nws yog nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag? Yuav ua li cas yog ntsuas tawg? Yuav ua li cas nws muaj feem xyuam rau lub sia?

Tawg thiab Radioactivity

Latin lo lus tawg tawg txhais li "lub teeb", "teeb", thiab lub sij hawm yog li ntawd sawv cev rau lub zog emission txheej txheem. Zog propagates nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kwj ntawm cov hais thiab tsis.

Nws muaj ntau hom ntawm hluav taws xob - tej zaum nws yuav thermal (infrared) lub teeb, ultraviolet, ionizing. Lub xeem yog lub feem ntau txaus ntshai thiab teeb meem, ntawm no kuj muaj xws li alpha, beta, gamma, neutron thiab X-rays. Nws yog ib qho pom me me hais muaj peev xwm ntawm ionizing lub substance.

Tawg tsis tuaj los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yog tsim los ntawm tshuaj los yog tej khoom uas muaj tej yam khoom. Lub nuclei ntawm atoms ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lawv cov hniav lwj pib ci zog. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tej yam rau ionizing (radioactivity) tawg hu ua radioactivity.

tej qhov chaw

Contrary mus rau lub tswv yim hais tias cov tawg - nws yog xwb nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag thiab tej tawg hem, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj ob hom ntawm nws: lub ntuj thiab lub dag. Tus thawj yog tam sim no yuav luag txhua qhov txhia chaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws yuav emit hnub qub xws li peb hnub.

Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, radioactivity muaj dej, av, xuab zeb, tab sis cov tawg koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog ib yam nkaus thiab loj. Cov no yuav muaj thaj tsam li ntawm 5 mus 25 micro roentgens ib teev. Muaj peev xwm mus tawg thiab possesses ntiaj chaw nws tus kheej. Nws bowels comprise ib tug plurality ntawm tej khoom, e.g., thee los yog uranium. Cov zog muaj txawm bricks.

Dag tawg neeg tau txais xwb nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. Tus txiv neej tau kawm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais tshuaj tsis ruaj tsis khov los mus tsim lub zog rau accelerate lub zog ntawm them hais. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, xws steel tawg qhov twg los, nuclear fais fab thiab nuclear riam phom, cuab yeej rau mob thiab sterilizing khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yog ntsuas tawg?

Emission tawg yog nrog los ntawm ntau yam dab, txawm li cas los, muaj ntau ntau chav nyob uas characterize qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ionizing currents thiab tsis. Cov npe ntawm dab tsi yog ntsuas los ntawm cov tawg, yog feem ntau txuam nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov zaum uas nais maum kuaj nws. Yog li ntawd, muaj becquerel, curie, pendants thiab X-rays. Rau ib lub hom phiaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm hluav taws xob ntsuas zog ntawm tej ntaub ntawv :

Tej yam uas radioactivity rau uas tsis yog-nyob cov ntaub so ntswg yog ntsuas raws li nram no:

tawg los rau muaj sia nyob:

Tib neeg raug tus kab mob

Tawg Tawg yuav ua irreparable lom hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev. Fine hais - ions tob tob rau hauv nyob cov ntaub so ntswg muaj peev xwm lov bonds ntawm molecules. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov nyhuv yog nyob rau hauv lub tawg koob tau txais. Ntuj tom qab tawg yog tsis txaus ntshai rau lub neej, thiab koj yuav tsis tau tshem ntawm nws.

Tawg los ntawm cov tib neeg no yog hu ua irradiation. Tej zaum nws yuav Somatic (lub cev) thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic. Somatic tawg los yog manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sib txawv cov kab mob: hlav, leukemias, mob ntawm lub nrog cev. Lub ntsiab manifestation ntawm ib tug tawg kab mob ntawm ntau heev.

Caj los ntawm hluav taws xob yog manifested nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm fertilization lub cev los yog muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev kho mob rau yav tom ntej tiam. Ib tug ntawm cov paub txog tus caj nyhuv ntawm change.

Lub tob tob muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob

Tu siab, noob neej tau muaj ib lub caij nyoog mus nrhiav tau tawm uas muaj tus quab yuam ntawm hluav taws xob. Xwm txheej uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Nyiv, tej yam nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ntau tus neeg. Ua ntej yuav Chernobyl thiab Fukushima feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis xav txog cov tawg mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab qhov nyuaj kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas.

Ionizing tawg yog particle los yog ib tug kwj ntawm cov photons, nws muaj ob peb hom, txhua tus uas nws muaj nws ces muaj peev xwm. Lub weakest yog alpha rays los yog hais. Teeb Meem thiab txawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nyias khaub ncaws rau lawv. Cov kev txaus ntshai los nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev sib cuag nrog lub ntsws los yog digestive ib ntsuj av.

Lub beta hais yog electrons, lawv qeeb nyias iav, ntoo cov ntaub ntawv. X-rays thiab gamma-rays txeem khoom thiab fabrics yog zoo dua. Lawv muaj peev xwm tuav ib tug ua phaj, ib 'meter' tuab, los yog ob peb kaum ntawm meters ntawm pob zeb. Neutron tawg tshwm sim thaum dag kev ua ub no thaum lub sij hawm lub nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau nws los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj hydrogen, beryllium, graphite, dej siv, polyethylene ciab.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv ib tug broad kev txiav txim zoo, tawg - tawg yog ib tug txheej txheem uas los ntawm tej lub cev. Feem ntau qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim tias nws yog ionizing tawg - kwj elementary hais uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom thiab cov kab mob. Cov nyhuv ntawm hluav taws xob yuav tau sib txawv, nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub koob.

Nrog tej yam ntuj tso tawg peb ntsib txhua txhua hnub, vim hais tias nws yog tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Nws yog tus nqi feem ntau me me. Dag tawg yuav ua tau ntau npaum li cas txaus ntshai, thiab lub txim ntawm nws tiag.