Yuav ua li cas yog pyrolysis? Txhais lub tswvyim ntawm txoj kev

Yuav ua li cas yog pyrolysis? Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb nws muaj rau lub niaj hnub tshuaj lag luam? Peb yuav kam nrog rau qhov teeb meem.

Nyob rau pyrolysis ntawm hydrocarbons

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi pyrolysis? Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm txoj kev no yuav lub thermal decomposition ntawm cov organic compound tsis muaj cov oxygen. Raug mus rau lub disintegration ntawm cov roj, thee, ntoo. Tom qab tus txheej txheem ua synthesis roj, raws li zoo li lwm yam kawg khoom.

txheej txheem nta

pyrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 800 rau 900 degrees. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no suav hais tias yog thawj ib tug rau lub tsim ntawm ethylene. Qhov no unsaturated hydrocarbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb feedstock rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov organic tebchaw: benzene, divinyl propylene.

ntoo pyrolysis

Sib cav sib tshaj yog dab tsi yog pyrolysis, peb nco ntsoov hais tias rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no technology yog tshuaj ua ntawm cov roj thiab cov nkev tau patented AA Lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv 1877. Yuav ua li cas yog lub pyrolysis ntawm ntoo? Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog 500 degrees. Nws yog txuam nrog rau cov tsim ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb Cheebtsam xws tshuaj cov khoom raws li acetic acid, hluav ncaig, cob, acetone. Muab hais tias peb lub teb chaws yog ib tug "cov khoom muaj nqis" ntawm forests nyob rau hauv Russia khiav lag luam loj cov nroj tsuag rau cov ntoo pyrolysis txheej txheem.

pyrolysis pov tseg

Pyrolysis ntawm pov tseg yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tes num rau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsev neeg pov tseg. Lub complexity ntawm pyrolysis ntawm yas, log tsheb, ntau yam organic pov tseg vim lub fact tias cov lam xav txawv technology, uas txawv ho los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cov zauv lwm cov khoom ntaub ntawv.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau pov tseg yog leej faj, tshuaj chlorine ua, phosphorus, uas tom qab oxidation (tsim ntawm oxides) tau zog volatility. Lub pyrolysis khoom yog ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub cheeb tsam.

Thaum lub sis ntawm cov tshuaj nrog organic tshuaj tsim tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub decomposition txheej txheem, muaj ib tug emission ntev noxious tebchaw xws li dioxins. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim mus ntes cov khoom emit pa luam yeeb, yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb installation ntawm pyrolysis. Xws li ib tug txheej txheem yuav tsum tau tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv uas cov nqi.

Rau European lub teb chaws, ntawm kuj zoo kawg ecological tseem ceeb yog qhov teeb meem ntawm recycling ntawm qub log tsheb, roj hmab Cheebtsam uas tau ua tiav raws li lawv cov kev pab lub neej. Vim lub fact tias lub ntuj roj feedstock yog irreplaceable views minerals, yuav tsum tau siv rau lub siab tshaj plaws raws li theem nrab cov kev pab.

Ntawm tsev neeg thiab kev tsim kho cov khib nyiab yuav tau txais ib lossis loj ntau yam ntawm tshuaj ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic muaj pes tsawg leeg, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus tsim no muaj cheeb tsam.

Polymers thiab log tsheb yog ib tug zoo zoo raw khoom. Tom qab ua los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj-kub pyrolysis yuav tau kua feem ntawm nyeem hydrocarbons (hluavtaws roj), ib tug combustible roj, carbon residue thiab hlau qaum. Thaum hlawv tons roj hmab log yog tso tawm rau hauv lub chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 270 kg ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub thiab txog 450 kg ntawm gaseous tej yam tshuaj lom.

synthesis roj

Qhov no sib tov ntawm hydrogen thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide (2). Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale nws yog tau ua los ntawm kev chav reforming ntawm methane, gasification ntawm thee, methane oxidation ua ntawm organic pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab uas ua ib tug synthesis roj, wherein tus piv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab hydrogen yuav txawv tsis pub dhau lub ntau yam ntawm los ntawm 1: 1 mus rau 1: 3.

Ntawm cov loj daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov raw khoom nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb raug methanol thiab Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Nws yog hais txog ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib lub hauv paus. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab hydrogen nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kua hydrocarbons. Yeej li catalysts (accelerators) no sis yog xaiv cobalt thiab hlau.

Cov tseem ntawm txoj kev no muaj peev xwm yuav tsim hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv rau lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hluavtaws lubricating roj los yog roj.

Tseem ntawm tau

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Science News for KIDS ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv? Wb sim kom paub tseeb seb yog dab tsi nws yog. Ntsiab Txhais ntawm Kev pyrolysis tau los sib tham saum toj no, thiab tam sim no ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tshuaj txheej txheem. Fischer-Tropsch txheej txheem reacting lub methane nrog oxygen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom uas carbon monoxide thiab hydrogen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muab alkane series hydrocarbon thiab dej vapor. Nws tsim nyob rau hydrocarbon khoom tom qab purification yog siv los tsim ib tug hluavtaws roj.

pyrolysis ntsiab lus

Carbon monoxide roj thiab hydrogen gas tsim los ntawm ib nrab oxidation ntawm ntoo thiab thee. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem yog lub tsim ntawm cov khoom raw khoom (pov tseg hydrocarbon los yog thee) hydrogen los yog kua hydrocarbons.

Thaum nonoxidative pyrolysis ntawm cov khoom pov tseg yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj lag luam khoom synthesis roj. Ib txhia ntawm nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb roj tsis muaj ntxiv lawm ua los ntawm subjecting lub Fischer-Tropsch cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, siv ib tug kua roj zoo xws li cov paraffins thiab nyeem ntaub ntawv yooj yim to taub tshuaj technology.

Yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm cov hydrogen ua los ntawm ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm chav yog moog nyob rau hauv no kab zauv tshuaj equilibrium. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab kawm tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua hydrogen thiab carbon dioxide.

Improvement technology

Tom qab tus foundations, ua nyob rau hauv 1920 los ntawm German soj ntsuam Hans Tropsch thiab Frantsem Fisherom, technology pheej modernized, zoo tuaj. Maj mam tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom cua roj uas tsim los ntawm pyrolysis, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees mus txog 124 txhiab kas tham ib hnub twg. Xws li ib tug taw qhia muaj nyob rau hauv 1944.

tiam

Niaj hnub no, muaj ob yam loj tuam txhab uas muag, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv nws cov Fischer-Tropsch technology. Feem ntau cov diesel roj ua los ntawm cov pyrolysis ntawm South Africa, tom ntej oxidation khoom tsim.

Kev mloog yog muab tshuaj technology mas yuav kis tau tom qab zaum pib nrhiav txoj kev los tsim tsawg-leej faj diesel tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ua rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, US tuam txhab uas muag tam sim no feedstock xaiv coke los yog hluav ncaig, yielding kua hydrocarbons siab zoo.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov pyrolysis txheej txheem yog ib robust technology uas yuav siv tau rau ib tug loj nplai, nws yog txuam nrog siab kuj cov ntaub ntawv uas cov nqi kho thiab cov txij nkawm ntawm lub installation. Rau ntau manufacturers, qhov no yog ib tug deterrent, vim hais tias muaj yog ib tug ib txwm kom txo tau lub ntiaj teb no roj nqi.

xaus

Ntiaj teb thee reserves yog loj txaus. Lawv yuav siv tau raws li ib tug roj qhov twg los vim cov havzoov ntawm tseem ceeb roj. Tshuaj ntsuam muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab cov nkev kev lag luam, yog ntseeg hais tias los ntawm pyrolysis yuav ua tau high-quality hydrocarbons. Lawv nco ntsoov tias lub resulting roj tsis tsuas muaj ib tug ntau dua ib puag ncig kev kawm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog roj roj, tab sis kuj xam txig rau tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug nqi ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm Fischer-Tropsch thiab biomass gasification yog tau los tham txog ib tug pheej txoj kev raug ib tug qhov embodiment tsheb roj.

Synthetic raw cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm thee yog kev sib tw xwb thaum tus nqi ntawm cov roj ntau tshaj $ 40 ib chim. Zus tau tej cov xws li ib tug sib tov ntawm hydrocarbons yog tsim nyog los sib piv cov nqi nyob rau hauv lub chav xya cuaj billion nyiaj rau eighty txhiab kas tham ntawm cov khoom cua roj. Yees txuam nrog rau pyrolysis txheej txheem, paub los ntawm environmentalists cov feem ntau environmentally phooj ywg. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, muaj ntau yam tsim lub teb chaws them zoo mloog mus rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev tshiab rau cov hydrocarbon fuels, uas yuav cia lawv txav mus deb ntawm cov tsoos roj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tshuav rau lub hauj innovation thiab kev txhim kho chains pyrolysis txheej txheem tau ua ho pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua kom tau ib tug high-quality kua hydrocarbons. Cov uas ua khoom siv tsis tau tsuas yog raws li roj tab sis kuj rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov organic tshuaj.