Xov xwm thiab Society, Txiv neej tej teeb meem
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no? Qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no saum toj 10
Txij li thaum lub ob ntiaj teb rog, thiab nws tseem tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm cov tub teeb meem ua ntej nws, xws li tsov rog nyob rau hauv Spain thiab Abyssinia los ua khees lub decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua aircraft. Cua superiority txiav txim zoo. Ces muaj Kauslim, Nyab Laj, Afghanistan, Iran thiab Iraq, lub Middle East, Iraq dua, thiab ntau lwm yam hauv zos tsis sib haum, pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm aircraft nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog. Tsis muaj tus muaj peev xwm mus zoo hais rau tej yam ua nres thiab bomber aircraft ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsis muaj caij nyoog los yeej. Thiab rau cov uas peb xav tau thiab txhais tau tias kws muaj txuj ci, thiab cov kev hom aircraft, uas muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb zoo, xws li ceev, maneuverability thiab tsawg ruaj khov.
Tswv yim txog dab tsi yuav tsum qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter, hloov ntau lub xyoo. Nyob rau metamorphosis ntawm no hom ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom cuam tshuam thiab tawm technologies, thiab cov kev tau nyob rau tus nqi ntawm kuj zoo kawg thiab kev txi.
Lub thirties thiab forties, lub era fighter ntsia hlau
Nyob rau hauv Spain, lub ntuj yog zoo muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau ib tug Soviet dav hlau I-16. Raws li ntawm 1936, nws yog, tej zaum, qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tsim Polikarpov chaw khaws engineers siv qhov tseeb kev daws teeb meem, revolutionary rau nws lub sij hawm. Nws yog tus thawj lawm qauv nrog retractable tsaws iav, haib engine thiab riam phom (nrog rau cov tseem installation yog unguided cuaj luaj). Tab sis domination "Chatos" ( "snub-nosed" - li ntawd, nws twb hu ua lub Republicans rau ib tug lub kaus mom profile) tsis kav ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj nyob rau hauv lub German "Messerschmitt-109", uas thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog twb raug mus rau ob peb kho. Yuav kom sib tw nrog nws tsuas yog ib tug ob peb dav hlau, uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv qib thiab cav fais fab, cov uas yog cov kawm lus Askiv "Spitfire" thiab tsim ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej lub American "Mustang".
Tab sis rau tag nrho cov koj kev yam ntxwv, nws yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug kev xeem los txiav txim seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws dav hlau. Fighter, nws puv tawm, tej zaum kuj yuav sib txawv, thiab koj yuav tsum soj ntsuam nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
Tsib caug leej, Kauslim Teb
Nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm, nrog lub advent ntawm lub dav hlau xyaw cim pib ntawm tiam ntawm fighters. Tus thawj ntawm cov no yuav muaj xws li cov xub pib tsim engineers tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no, pib rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-forties. Rau peb nws yog ib tug Mig-9, nyob rau hauv tsis cia li ploj mus los ntawm "Messerschmitt-262". Twb thaum lub sij hawm lub Korean ua tsov ua rog , Americans tau xav tsis thoob los tsis kaj lub siab surprise rau lawv.
Swift, ib tug compact thiab mas maneuverable Mig-15 crushed seemingly khov kho hwj chim ntawm tus US Strategic Air hais kom ua. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no originates lub thib ob tiam. Ces nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nws coj lub sij hawm los tsim kom tau nws ib tug tsim nyog tus nrog sib ntaus, uas tau ua ib tug "Saber".
Sixties, Vietnam thiab lub Middle East
Ces muaj ib lub teb chaws Nyab Laj ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau hauv lub ntuj, yuj nyob rau hauv lub "dev fights" ob lub neej tus nrog sib ntaus, "Phantom" thiab cov Mig-21. Cov dav hlau twb sib txawv heev, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv loj thiab nyhav, thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm riam phom. American F-4 tiv kev txom nyem ob zaug kom ntau li ntau raws li lub Soviet interceptor yog tsawg maneuverable, tab sis muaj ob peb zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev sib ntaus los.
Txiav txim uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub Nyab Laj ntuj, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj, tab sis tag nrho cov qhab nia nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus Mig. Nws yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias nyob rau hauv piv cov nqi, Soviet aircraft nqi ntau npaum li cas (nyob ntawm lub sij hawm) cheaper, Ntxiv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug unfavorable sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua tus neeg Mis Kas poob ob pilots es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug. Ob yam no aircraft yog twb nyob rau hauv lub thib peb tiam ntawm aircraft. Meanwhile, kev kawm txuas ntxiv mus rau interceptors yog muab puas tau ntau stringent uas yuav tsum tau.
Qhov thib plaub tiam, txij thaum lub seventies
Txij li thaum xyoo 1970, kev loj hlob ntawm fighter aircraft lag luam tau ncaim tshiab ntsiab kab. Avionics tau ua tsis yog ib lub cuab tam los pab tus tsav nyob rau hauv tebchaws cov yeeb ncuab thiab daws navigational teeb meem, nws coj nyob rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev tswj kev khiav dej num. Nws tau los ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev degree ntawm visibility ntawm lub aircraft rau yeeb ncuab radar. Hloov chaw xyaw thiab thrust vector pib hloov uas ua radically redefine agility. Txiav txim uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter belongs rau lub plaub tiam, tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim, cov views ntawm cov ntawv no raug muab faib. Lub US F-15 nws muaj nws los ntawm UFW, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, thiab lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov nqe lus, feem ntau ntawm uas yog tus muaj kev vam meej kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm ntawm "Dav dawb hau". Lwm tus ntseeg hais tias tus plaub tiam ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - lub Su-27 Lavxias teb sab-ua.
Tiam tom qab tiam
Tiam dav hlau interceptors yog cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau ob peb thaj chaw: nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob lub sij hawm, tis zoo thiab lub hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saturation thiab ib co lwm yam kev, tab sis tus ntshiab txim hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau kos nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tsis ib qho yooj yim, nws yog tseem xav. Piv txwv li, ib tug sib sib zog nqus kev hloov kho MIG-21 raws li nws cov paub yam ntxwv, nws yuav suav hais tias kwv yees li raws li cov plaub tiam aircraft zoo tag nrho ntsuas kev sib ntaus los hauj lwm zoo.
Cov kev taw qhia uas tsim cov tswv yim
Interceptors yog lub thib tsib tiam tam sim no lub hauv paus ntawm cov cua Force ntawm Russia thiab lwm yam technologically advanced lub teb chaws. Lawv yog cov tau mus ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev sib ntaus los missions, los tiv thaiv cov airspace ntawm lawv lub teb chaws, lawv muaj muag nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov tub rog-kev koom tes rau xaiv yaam kev koom tes. Tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tshiab tej yaam num yog tas mus li. Advanced niaj hnub aircraft khoom kuaj muaj ib co nta uas paub qhov txawv lawv los ntawm lawv cov predecessors, uas muab vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog tus tig twb fifth tiam. Nws nta xws li ib tug uas tsis muaj radar visibility, qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub dag zog rau tshem tawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm riam phom, ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lwm load thiab lub cuab yeej ntawm radar absorbing chaw, tau txais nrog rau lub teeb tes ntawm cov Americans hu ua "Stealth." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov latest tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm aviation engine, rudders thiab tswj systems thiab taw tes rau lub aircraft yog mus rau qhov tseeb tiam. Ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm puas cov ntaub ntawv, uas thiaj li nyhav thiab, dua, seb puas tsimnyog tau lub zeem cia. Nws kuj yuav tsum xws li niaj hnub no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov duab no coj los aircraft, fuselage zoo thiab ntau angular dav hlau, xyaw tawm ze li ntawm invisible vapor txoj kev thiab lub nozzles muaj ib tug ncaj high kaum sab xis ntawm tau kev sib hloov.
"Raptor"
Ib yam dab tsi lawv vaguely zoo sib xws, txawm hais tias tus general layout kos duab, thiab kev tsis ntawm lub thib tsib-tiam aircraft interceptors no ho sib txawv. Cov no muaj xws thawj thiab foremost "Raptor" F-22. Kws txawj, feem ntau American, ntseeg hais tias nws yog - qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub ntsiab sib cav nyob rau hauv dej ntawm no saib yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub "Raptor" - lub ntiaj teb no tsuas loj-ua thiab adopting ib lub tshuab coj mus rau cov kev cai ntawm lub thib tsib-tiam interceptor. Tag nrho lwm yam zoo xws qauv, xws li Russia, yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab paub kev cai. Muaj kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb, uas tsis ntseeg lub correctness ntawm xws tswvyim. Lub fact tias cov F-22 twb yeej tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua, thiab yuav ua li cas nws yuav coj nyob rau hauv lub tiag tiag battlefield yog tsis paub. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, lub American cov tub rog-industrial complex yog dav advertised stealth bomber B-2, thiab ces nws muab tawm hais tias txawm lub outdated Soviet radars, lub riam phom ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm Yugoslavia, nws muaj peev xwm ntes nws.
Thiab raws li peb muaj?
Nyob rau hauv Russia, ntawm chav kawm, tsis txhob tawm tsis xim rau US npaj siab mus cuag cov tub rog hegemony. Peb npaj kom tsim tau ib tug dav hlau uas yuav lwv nrog lub siab heev tshaj plaws interceptor tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab. Nws txoj hau kev rau "muab tso rau hauv lub tis" rov qab nyob rau hauv 2005, tab sis teeb meem muaj kev tiv thaiv mas economic. Nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws, lub creation ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws qauv thiab qhov chaw kawm rau lub rooj tsavxwm nquag yuav siv sij hawm ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab xyoo lawm, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm reference Sukhoi tau txais nyob rau hauv 1999. Tej yam yooj yim suav hais tias lub hnub thaum lub Lavxias teb sab Cua Dag Zog Yuam yuav tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, - 2014 los yog 2015.
Nyob rau nws yog me ntsis paub. Lawv hu ua cov project tsis yog ib lub dav hlau los yog interceptor thiab complex tactical aviation. (PAKFA - "P" sawv rau foundations, "A" - Aviation, muaj ib co tautology Aircraft forgivable). Takeoff Nyhav - kwv yees li 20 tons, raws li nyob rau hauv US F-22 thiab twb tsis tau tau txais nyob rau F-35 riam phom. Tactical yam ntxwv tso cai rau cov kev siv ntawm ib lub tsheb nrog ib tug me me CPA, thov me me radiozametnosti technology. Lawm, hluav taws xob khoom - tus siab heev tshaj plaws. Nws yog yuav hais tias qhov no yuav tsum tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. T-50 - lwm lub npe PAKFA platform, nws yog tau hais tias cov lis dej num yuav muab txoj kev mus rau lub neeg ua hauj lwm classical cim "Su" nrog ib co xov tooj.
Tuam Tshoj
Peb suav cov phooj ywg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis thab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim nws tus kheej aircraft. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj xaiv ib tug zoo Soviet qauv, tau txais ib tug zoo lub koob npe nrov, yuav kev cov ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm nws tus kheej index, muaj raws ntawm cov tsab ntawv Y (rau civilians) los yog J (rau cov tub rog) thiab tus xov tooj. Txawm li cas los, cov nyiaj txiag boom ntawm lub xeem xyoo lawm, tau hloov Tuam Tshoj rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no universal studio, thawb neeg lub chaw ua dav hlua kev lag luam tau pib nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej tej yaam num. Tej zaum, J-10 thiab tsis yog tus zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis tag nrho cov paub TTD no aircraft yog hais tias nws yog ib tug tshuab nyob rau lub verge ntawm IV thiab V tiam uas tseem ntxiv kev hloov kho. Tus thawj txiav txim ntawm lub general los ua ke tswvyim (deltoid "os" uas tsis muaj classic tus Tsov tus tw) hais lus eloquently, hais tias qhov no lub sij hawm cov suav aircraft manufacturers tau ua tsis lwm cov nyiaj qiv, uas qhia nws tus kheej mus kom ze.
Sab saum toj hit parade
Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb aviation yog nplua nuj nrog koj achievements. Lub mere enumeration ntawm interceptor aircraft, uas los ua ib tug masterpiece ntawm engineering, yuav coj mus dhau ntau qhov chaw. Yuav ua li cas mus xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter? Ntawm cov kev vam meej ua qauv peb yuav tsis nco qab txog lub La-5 thiab La-7, "nab rajkubsai", uas tiv thaiv I. N. Kozhedub thiab AI Pokryshkin, Fabkis "ua zaim muag", Swedish "Saab", lus Askiv "Xob Laim" thiab ntau lwm yam haib thiab zoo nkauj lub tsheb. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas zoo meej ib nqe ntaus rog aircraft, nws yuav luag ib txwm yog ib tug tsim nyog tus nrog sib ntaus. Yog li ntawd, ib tug nyob ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov feem ntau zoo ua luaj interceptor ua kev txiav txim zoo yuav ua kom paub officers:
- "Messerschmitt-109" thiab "Spitfire". Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, Soviet dav hlau kuj zoo, tab sis lawv Corporate haib xyaw, li ntawd, lawv twb tawm ntawm lub sab saum toj daim ntawv teev.
- Mig-15 "Saber" F-86. Lawv muaj ntau ntawm navoyevat nrog txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv Kauslim Teb.
- "Phantom" F-4-21 thiab Mig. Vietnam, lub Middle East thiab lwm yam cov tub rog tsis sib haum taw mus rau qhov tau zoo thiab weaknesses ntawm cov sib txawv aircraft.
- «Dav dawb hau» F-15 los tiv thaiv cov Su-27. "Dav dawb hau" muaj ib tug zoo heev lub koob npe nrov rau nws cov kev vam meej daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv niaj hnub theaters. "Qhuav" yog tsis inferior mus rau nws nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau kev thiab tactical kev ua tau zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub superior, tab sis kev sib ntaus los kev nws yog tsis txaus rau ib tug meej yeej nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw rau lub npe ntawm cov "qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no." 2014 cim qhov saws me nyuam ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Cua Dag Zog Yuam kev sib ntaus los units teb Su-35s, uas yog heev modernized version ntawm lub Su-27.
- T-50 "Raptor". Tw, thaj heev dlej. Nws yuav zoo dua yog hais tias lawv tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua battles, tab sis yog tias qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, muaj ib tug siab yuav qhov muaj tseeb uas peb lub tsheb yuav tsis tau swb.
Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st? Peb yuav tsuas yog twv dab tsi tshiab lub tswv yim tuaj engineers, aircraft designers ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Ib puas xyoo twb tsuas nyuam qhuav pib, thiab los ntawm tag nrho cov indications, nws yuav tsaus ntuj nti ...
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