Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus nce ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog? Lub keeb kwm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nce ntawm Moscow nqi zog

Kom txog rau thaum 1263 Daim ntawv qhia txog feudal thiab fragmented Rus tsis muaj Moscow nqi zog yog tsis. Qhov no me me qub txeeg qub teg laug tuag nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub teg rau nws ob tug-xyoo tus tub Daniilu Veliky Alexander Nevsky. Yog vim li cas ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog, uas yog chiv ib tug me me, tsis tseem ceeb txaus, peb yuav npog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

pib

Nyob rau hauv no npub cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum lub teb chaws yog kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv lub yoke ntawm Horde, qhov chaw ntawm nom tswv lub neej ua lub Vladimir-Suzdal thiab Novgorod Rus. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim qhov chaw dag lub nqi zog ntawm Moscow, uas pib kev khiav hauj lwm 14-xyoo-laus tus tub vaj ntxwv. Cov tub hluas ntxhais txiv neej siab saib cov neeg nyob ze 'quarrels thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog rau lawv. Nws them tribute mus rau lub neej ntsiag to thiab peacefully. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Grand Duchy ntawm Moscow maj rub settlers ntawm lub ntau txaus ntshai qhov chaw. Cov neeg thiab kev thaj yeeb - yog thawj yog vim li cas rau strengthening ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog. Nws kuj sib pib los tsim nyiaj txiag lub neej. Tub huabtais tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm nws cov hauj lwm txiav txim siab los muab rau lawv pawg neeg thaj av ob lub zos tshiab. Kolomna twb yuav tsum tau vim hais tias muaj yog nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub Oka ntws mus rau hauv lub Moskva River. Ib tug Pereslavl-Zaleski qhib txoj kev mus rau lub capital nroog ntawm Vladimir.

XIV xyoo pua

Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm tawm tsam rau lub tsev lag luam thiab strengthening ntawm lub Moscow pawg neeg thaj av. Tub huabtais Yury ntawm Moscow, subjecting Mozhaisk, tau tswj tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm lub Moscow River. Nws yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev tshwm sim rau cov pej xeem hauv: qhib ib tug tshiab pauv lawv. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws pib mus tua nrog tus tub huabtais ntawm Tver rau cov poj reign ntawm Vladimir. Thaum lub sij hawm no tuaj koom lub Vladimir av. Lawv cheeb tsam yog zoo, thiab tag nrho cov neeg them se. Cov tawm tsam rau kev kav ntawm Vladimir yog heev loj heev: tub huabtais George tua tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tver, Dmitry.

Lub transformation ntawm lub nqi zog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm nom tswv lub neej

Case txuas ntxiv tij laug tub huabtais Ivan Danilovich, uas yog paub ob qho tib si Ivana Kalitu. Nws yog ib tug nyob deb-sighted thiab paub qab hau kav, uas tuaj koom lawv pawg neeg thaj av Novgorod, Kostroma, Moscow, Torzhok. Tub huabtais Ivan tsiv lub rooj zaum ntawm Metropolitan, lub taub hau ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab hauv lub Koom Txoos, los ntawm Vladimir rau Moscow, Arkhangelsk thiab ua ib tug zoo kawg li Assumption Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin. Secular thiab sab ntsuj plig hwj chim feeb meej nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw - qhov no yog vim li cas tau rau hauv lub Moscow nqi zog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIV caug xyoo.

Diplomacy Lavxias teb sab princes

Tubtxib Tes Haujlwm tub huabtais txuas ntxiv los ntawm nws cov tub. Skillfully coj diplomatic kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Horde, lawv kom cov thaj yeeb lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem, uas yog tsis raug raids. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau tus nce ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog coj nws mus rau nthuav thiab wealth? Cov neeg txawj ntse txoj cai ntawm nws princes: nws tau los ua tus nom tswv, kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas lub neej ntawm lub North-East.

kev tsis sib haum historians

Historians feem ntau hu ua 4 ua amplification ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog. Luv luv lawv yuav tsum tau sau ua ke raws li nram no:

1. Principality sawv ntawm lub plawv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo thaj txoj hauj lwm tau kev tso cai tsawg yuav raug tua cov neeg nyob ze: lub warlike Germans, Lithuanians, Tatars thiab Swedes. Yog li, nws heev txoj hauj lwm muab cov pej xeem thiab kev ruaj ntseg tau attracted ntau thiab ntau cov neeg tawg rog yuav ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog thiab nyiaj txiag hwj chim.
2. Lub Principality tau los ua ib tug kev tshuam ntawm cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav. Ntawm no yog ib txoj kev los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Kiev thiab Chernigov, Rostov thiab Yaroslavl. Lub waterway raws Moscow dej Oka tso cai kom tau mus thiab los ntawm nws mus rau lub Volga thiab tau Nizhny Novgorod. Tub txawj tub ntse Dhau cov txoj hau kev, them se, pom Muscovy.
3. Diplomatic tsiv tau coj mus rau lub unification ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab nom tswv. Vim hais tias ntawm no nce txoj cai thiab kev luj ntawm lub nqi zog.
4. Thiab lub xeem. Kev sib haum xeeb-kev hlub, ceev faj thiab pheej ua hauj lwm ntawm princes. Lawv twb tsis sib cav sib ceg ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab tsis txhob direct clashes nrog Lithuania thiab cov Horde, muab ib lub thaj yeeb lub neej thiab tau raws li ib tug step-by-step hom phiaj.

Raws nraim raws li pom nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, yog vim li cas ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog.