Cov paj huam "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": lub keeb kwm ntawm creation

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tus poj niam, uas nws rau siab thiab ua ke qhuas nyob hauv Russia. Soviet cov tub ceev xwm coj nws tus thawj tus txiv thiab ces nws tus tub, nws cov kwv huam raug txwv tsis pub, thiab cov xovxwm suited rau nws tsim txom. Tab sis tsis muaj woes ua tsis tau tejyam mus ua txhaum nws ntsuj plig. Ib tug xeem uas poob mus rau nws qhia, embodied nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm Akhmatova. "Requiem", zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tsim thiab tsom xam cov uas yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yog tus os dej dawb zaj nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj lug.

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov paj huam

Nyob rau hauv cov phau mus rau zaj paj huam Akhmatova sau hais tias cov tswv yim xws li ib tug khoom nws sawv thaum lub sij hawm "Yezhov lub sij hawm", uas nws siv nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim queues, nrhiav ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog nws tus tub. Thaum nws kawm, thiab ib tug ntawm cov poj niam nug hais tias Akhmatova muaj peev xwm los mus piav txog dab tsi twb tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm. Poet hais tias: "Kuv ua tau." Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd twb yug los rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov paj huam, raws li Akhmatova nws tus kheej.

"Requiem", zaj dab neeg txog lub creation ntawm uas yog txuam nrog heev heev nyob rau lub xyoo rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, nws tau raug kev txom nyem ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws raug ntes rau anti-Soviet ua ub no ntawm tus tub ntawm Anna Akhmatova thiab Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. Ces Anne Andreevne yog tau sai sai tso nws tus tub los ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv mus Stalin tus kheej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1938, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug thib ob raug ntes, ces Gumilev Jr. twb raug txim mus rau 10 xyoos. Thiab lub xeem raug ntes, tom qab uas nws twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag, commuted tom qab siv tau ua nyob rau hauv 1949. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab Lev Gumilyov twb siab rehabilitated, thiab cov nqi yuav tsum tau unfounded.

Akhmatova paj huam "Requiem" embodied tag nrho cov kev tu siab uas muab rau cov txaus ntshai xyoo ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Tab sis nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib lub tsev neeg puas ntsoog yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Nws qhia kev tu siab ntawm tag nrho cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv uas txaus ntshai lub sij hawm.

Cov thawj kab

Qhia nyob rau hauv 1934. Tab sis nws yog ib tug lyrical voj voog, lub creation ntawm uas yog Ameslikas npaj thiab Akhmatova. "Requiem" (keeb kwm ntawm creation uas yog peb lub ntsiab) yog cov paj huam tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1938-40, ntsig txog. Tiav lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog twb nyob rau hauv lub 50s.

Nyob rau hauv lub 60 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th paj huam, luam tawm nyob rau hauv samizdat, enjoyed zoo chaw thiab tau dhau los ntawm txhais tes mus rau tes. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov khoom raug txwv. Ntau yam twb nyiaj kom mus cawm nws zaj paj huam, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": lub keeb kwm ntawm creation - tus thawj ntawv

Nyob rau hauv 1963, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov paj huam tau txais txawv teb chaws. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv Munich, cov khoom ntawm cov thawj officially luam tawm. Lavxias teb sab emigrants txaus siab rau cov paj huam, cov ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam pom zoo hauv lub view ntawm poetic txuj ci Anny Andreevny. Txawm li cas los, cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho ntawm "Requiem" twb tso tawm xwb nyob rau hauv 1987, thaum nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Lub kaum hli ntuj" magazine.

tsom xam ntawm

Lub ntsiab ntawm lub paj huam Akhmatova lub "Requiem" - kev txom nyem txiv neej nyob rau hauv koj tsev neeg, uas nws lub neej nyhav nyob rau hauv qhov nqi koj tshuav. Khoom muaj kwv huam sau nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo. Tab sis lawv yog cov tag nrho united nyuaj siab thiab mournful suab uas yog twb nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov paj huam. Requiem - ib tug daim music npaj rau lub memorial kev pab cuam.

Nyob rau hauv prose phau Akhmatova hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog sau los ntawm ib tug neeg lwm tus thov. Muaj pov thawj rau cov kev cai tsim los ntawm Pushkin thiab Nekrasov. Ntawd ces yog lub tua kev txiav txim ntawm cov txiv neej, embodying qhov yuav ntawm cov neeg, hais tias pej xeem orientation ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, lub cim ntawm cov paj huam - tag nrho cov neeg uas tau nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub "liab phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom." Poet sau tsis tau tsuas yog nws tu siab, tab sis kuj raug kev txom nyem ntawm tag nrho cov neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws lyric "I" yog hloov mus rau hauv ib tug loj-scale thiab kev "peb."

Polyphony thiab multifaceted "Requiem" (Ahmatova) zaj paj huam cov ntsiab lus thiab pom tias cov nta. Vim mnogogeroynosti nyeem ntawv hnov quaj thiab yim tu siab ntau tshaj ib tug neeg, thiab tag nrho cov neeg raug dag hais.

Thawj feem ntawm cov paj huam, sau trehstopnym anapaest qhia lus dab neeg nws orientation. Thiab dluab (kaj ntug, tsaus ntuj nti chav sab saud, raug ntes, zoo ib yam li qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev) ua ib tug huab cua ntawm cov keeb kwm authenticity thiab ploj mus rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm ancient: "Kuv, raws li ib tug muaj koob muaj npe me ntsis tus poj niam." Yog li, kev txom nyem lyrical conceptualized raws li ib tug timeless, paub rau cov poj niam txawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm Peter.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, daim ntawv sau chetyrehstopnym paab chorus tseem, pab nyob rau hauv ib tug nkauj style. Lub heroine yog tsis ntxhov siab thiab quaj, nws tsis nyuaj siab thiab khi. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog ib qho xav txog tej yam kev txo hwj chim, hauv nws expands tiag tiag chim los ntawm yuav los ntawm kev tu siab. Qhov kawg ntawm tus thib ob yog ib feem nyob rau hauv kuv kev xav tag nrho cov mingled lyrical chim seizes nws kiag li.

Lub culmination ntawm tej hauj lwm yog lub taub hau ntawm "Yuav kom tuag." Ntawm no yog lub cim tseem ceeb yog npaj txhij rau tuag nyob rau hauv tej txoj kev los ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm bandits, cov kab mob, "plhaub". Tab sis yog tsis muaj tau tshem ntawm leej niam, thiab nws twb cia petrified nrog kev tu siab.

xaus

Akhmatova paj huam "Requiem" yog tus mob thiab kev txom nyem ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg. Thiab tsis tsuas ntsib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov yav tas los xyoo pua. Akhmatova poses nrog documentary precision nws lub neej, nws hais tias Russia lub yav dhau los, nws tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej.