Dada - dab tsi yog qhov no? Cov neeg sawv cev Dada painting

Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no, cov neeg them nyiaj tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau lawv kab lis kev cai thiab kev txawj ntse loj hlob. Nws yog tsis muaj ntev txaus yuav ib tug kws nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj ib qho kev nthuav sib tham nyob rau hauv ib tug ntse lub tuam txhab.

Yuav kom mus txog lub neej thiab tsis poob ntsej muag rau ntawm lub tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm ntawd, peb yuav tsum lossi evolve thiab kawm tej yam tshiab.

Leej twg leej twg considers nws tus kheej ib tug educated txiv neej nrog ib tug nplua nuj outlook, yuav tsum to taub qhov tsawg kawg nkaus azah kos duab thiab painting, vim hais tias nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev sib tham txawv cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ntse zej zog.

Muaj ntau ntau yeej nyob rau hauv txawv lub sij hawm yees los ntawm nyuab thiab sau ntawv, los ntawm classical rau extravagant prim thiab anarchic underground.

Niaj hnub no peb tham txog ib qho ntawm feem tham txog yeej ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo - txog Dada.

Dadaism: Lus Txhais

Raws li koj paub, thaum pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, cov neeg ntaus los ntawm lawv cov kev phem heev thiab inhumanity. Cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no tau los ua ib tug tsim txom los ntawm kev sib tua unleashed vim hais tias ntawm qia, tsis thwj thiab txawm maniacal ua ntawm ib co politicians. Dissatisfaction masses loj hlob. Tag nrho cov no sau nro thiab to taub yuam kev ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim splashed los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm creativity nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm.

Dada nws tus kheej - nws yog ib qho avant-garde kos duab taw qhia, tsis tag nrho cov cai thiab cov kev kom xim thaum lawv tseem ntshiab kav thiab geometric duab. Nyob rau hauv 1916, ntxias, xav tsis thoob thaum lub horrors ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg sab no sib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, suab paj nruag, nrag, ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas. Qhov no zoo ntawm kitsch, lawv tau sim qhia lawv yuam cai rau tsoom fwv, nws cynicism, tsis muaj tib neeg, logic, thiab cov kev phem heev uas ua, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, qhov ua rau ntawm discord ntawm ob lub teb chaws.

Follower ntawm xwsli dada - surrealism, uas kuj tsis muaj txoj kev zoo nkauj.

Ntxhov siab, kev xav ntawm meaninglessness ntawm lub neej, txoj kev chim siab thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo siab lawm yav tom ntej - tias cov ua rau ntawm no sib, negating tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm kev zoo nkauj.

Dada - style uas tab protested cov tub rog kev txiav txim thiab lub bourgeoisie, sim anarchy thiab communism.

Qhov twg lub npe

Rau lub npe ntawm xws li ib tug txaus, qhia tag nrho cov meaninglessness thiab incomprehensibility ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm cov xyoo, nws yog tsim nyog los nrhiav tau qhov kev tsim nyog lo lus.

Tristan Ttsana, sim mus nrhiav ib tug haum lub npe rau tus tshiab khiv yees style, leafed los ntawm cov phau ntawv txhais lus nrog rau cov lus ntawm Negro pab pawg neeg thiab tuaj nyob lo lus "dada".

Yog li ntawd Dada - yog txhais los ntawm cov lus ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas pawg neeg Crewe - tus Tsov tus tw ntawm tus nyuj. Tom qab ntawd nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm ltalis lawv hu ib tug kws tu neeg mob thiab leej niam, raws li zoo raws li "Dada" yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau tus me nyuam babble.

Cov artist xav tias ib tug zoo dua lub npe rau qhov no avant-garde kev taw qhia, thiab nws tsis yog tsim nyog.

Cov founders ntawm cov khiav

Dada yug nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Zurich thiab New York, txhua lub teb chaws nws tus kheej. Rau cov founders ntawm lub anti-aesthetic tiam sis muaj xws li: cov kws sau paj lug thiab playwright ntawm lub German Hugo pob, Richard Hyulzenbeka, Samuel Rosenstock - Fabkis thiab Romanian kws sau paj lug (ib tug Jew los ntawm haiv neeg), zoo dua lub npe hu rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Tristan Tzara, lub German thiab Fabkis kws sau paj lug, sculptor thiab cov neeg pleev kob Arp Jean , lub German-Fabkis artist Max Ernst thiab Marcel Janco - Israeli thiab Romanian cov neeg pleev kob. Tag nrho cov neeg nto moo - kaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Dadaism nyob rau hauv painting, ntaub ntawv, suab paj nruag thiab lwm yam liaj teb ntawm cov kos duab.

Lub venue, uas tau xaiv rau nws tus kheej, qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm muaj tswv yim neeg, yog "Cabaret Voltaire". Almanac muab los ntawm lub Dadaists ntawm lub sij hawm, bears lub npe ntawm qhov chaw no.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov saum toj no tus neeg suav hais tias yog founders tham peb cov hoob kawm, ib ob peb xyoo ua ntej nws tsim lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no "lub tsev kawm ntawv fuizma", tsim los ntawm artist Artur Sapekom thiab txawj sau ntawv Alphonse ale nyob rau hauv lub lig thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua, nws tau nce artistic thiab suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm uas muaj tag nrho cov yooj yim txoj hauj lwm ntawm no.

Feem ntau ntawm cov bohemian ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Dada style, tsawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov twg nws maj mam thaum lub sij hawm merged nrog avant-garde thiab surrealism.

Dada nyob rau hauv Russia tau koob meej ua tsaug rau tus naas ej Moscow thiab Rostov Nichevke txawj pab pawg neeg, tab sis los ntawm tus kawg ntawm nws lub neej.

By 1923, nws hloov cov kev coj ntawm ib tug tshiab thiab cov teb chaws sentiment tiam sis. Dadaists retrained nyob rau hauv expressionists thiab surrealists.

Dada painting

Cov feem nrov hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv no style yog xav tau ib tug collage: ntau ntxias, raws li nyob rau hauv tej haum cov ntaub ntawv uas, muab tshuaj txhuam nws cov ntau daim ntawm cov ntawv muaj xim, daim ntaub, thiab lwm yam qhov muag-catching cov ntaub ntawv.

Dada painting yog futuristic thiab constructivist nyob rau hauv cov xwm, uas nyiam yog muab rau tus artificially tsim mechanized khoom, es tus txiv neej thiab nws tus plig.

Kiv cua ntawm no sib nrog lawv creativity sim ua kom puas lub tsoos lus ntawm kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub broadest siab ntawm lo lus.

Tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Dada kos duab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm kiag li tsis kam tag nrho cov zajlus kom puas hloov zuj zuj tiam dhau ib tiam ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev canons, es tsis txhob thawb parading pointless, tsis thiab ruam arealistichnostyu nws paintings thiab collages. Txawm li cas los, lawv muaj ib tug zoo zoo, raws li tag nrho raws li lub xeev ntawm cov pej xeem.

Muaj yog tsis muaj ntau ze ze rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj Dada painting. Ntxias ntawm lub sij hawm twb feem ntau nyob rau hauv ua ke, yog li ntawd, hais tias lub feem ntau cov tawm txoj kev reflected nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ob qhov chaw (R. Hausmann, G. Arp, K. Shviters, F. Picabia).

Raws li hais saum toj no, ib tug tshwj xeeb cawv rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub Dadaists muaj "fumizma" lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Cov neeg sawv cev Dada kawm ntau yam los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub artist Marcel Duchamp tej hauj lwm twb avant-garde orientation thaum pib ntawm nws cov hauj lwm.

Cov neeg pleev kob nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tau muab ib tug luag hauj lwm loj txhua hnub, unremarkable yam uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev - ib yam nkaus thiab Dadaism. Piv txwv ntawm nws ua hauj lwm - ib tug "crusher rau chocolate №2» thiab «Lub log ntawm lub tsheb tuam."

Nws muaj tswv yim, artist, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov Dadaists, ridicules lub zoo tshaj plaws lub hom phiaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kos duab, hu rau txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov kos duab thiab kev chim.

Dada nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm suab paj nruag thiab paj huam

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus paintings, cov Dadaists thiab yuav lwm qhov chaw ntawm creativity. Lawv muaj kev tswj kom muab nyob rau hauv ib tug exhibition paintings, nrov suab paj nruag, nyeem ntawv txawj ua hauj lwm thiab seev cev.

Kurt Shviters - Dadaist, uas tau los ua tus inventor ntawm lub suab paj huam, uas nws hu ua "ib tug zoo paj huam." Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov phau ntawv sau dab neeg interwoven nrog suab paj nruag, piv txwv li, qhia seb lub suab nrov ntawm battles nyob rau hauv ib lub paj huam. Cov kwv huam feem ntau nqa ib lub siab los ntawm cov anti-kev tsov kev rog thiab atiburzhuaznoy overtones. Poets luag thuam lawv lub hwj chim thiab tsim morals.

Tsis tas li ntawd ib feem ntawm cov pej xeem offering kwv huam uas qhia tsis lus thiab cov nqe lus, thiab muaj ib tug txheej ntawm cov suab, cov tsiaj ntawv, qw nrov thiab suab paj nruag.

Dada - nws tseem yog lub suab paj nruag coj los ntawm xws li nto moo personalities li: Francis Pikebiya, Zhorzh Ribemon-Desey, Erwin Shulhoff, Hans Heusser, Albert Sevigny, Erik Satie. Lawv compositions twb ua pa nrov cim thiab tsom lub essence ntawm cov tsiaj haiv neeg, nws tsis yog ib txwm kom meej rau tej yam yooj yim neeg nyob li.

Dancing rau hauv no coj, dhau lawm, tsis txawv ib tug txheej ntawm tus thiab lwm yam movements, costumes thiab dancers tau sewn nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug zigzag-cubism, uas tsis ntxiv rau kom zoo nkauj.

Dadaists, nkees ntawm lub teb chaws kev sib ntxub, uas tau coj cov tsov ua rog, dreaming ntawm muaj tswv yim neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no mus sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho. Favorite kab nyob rau hauv "Cabaret Voltaire", uas ciali mus Bohemia ze mus rau qhov, yog: African music, jazz thiab ua si rau cov balalaika.

Daim duab nyob rau lub teb chaws Yelemees

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees Dada - yog, saum toj no tag nrho, kev nom kev tswv tawm tsam, qhia los ntawm tej ib yam dab tsi txawm underground kos duab.

Artistic pawg ntawm lub teb chaws yog tsis yog li ntawd ceg tsis lees txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm creativity, raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no style nyob rau hauv lwm lub xeev. Ntawm no Dada muaj es ib tug nom tswv-social cim thiab pom tag nrho lub bitterness ntawm cov neeg tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsov rog thiab nws cov txim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug heev thiab tsis tau mus sawv ntawm nws lub hauv caug lub teb chaws.

Tsis tas li ntawd lub German Dadaists H. Hench thiab G. Gross, nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, qhia pab koj tu siab rau Russia, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kiv puag ncig.

Dada nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th tseem coj tseem ceeb pab rau cov kawm Askiv, thaum Gross, Hartfield, Heche thiab Hausmann tsim ib tug photomontage, thiab tso tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm nom tswv txhua hnub.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1920 nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tsov rog intelligentsia teev saum toj no yog tso Dada Fair, uas attracts bohemians los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no.

Nws twb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tau raug kho kom zoo collage, raws li nyob rau hauv symbiosis nrog Cubism rau nws muaj cov ntsiab ntawm cov photomontage.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm painting, Husman ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau cov zajlus ua hauj lwm, nyob rau cov pej xeem ib tug ob peb "paub daws teeb" kwv huam, muaj raws tsuas ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm cov suab, reminiscent ntawm shamanic hiss.

Cov niam txiv Dadaist xinesmas ntseeg Richter thiab Egelenga.

nyob rau hauv Fabkis

Dada kos duab yog tshwj xeeb yog radical qhia nyob rau hauv Fabkis txij thaum nws cov inception nws pib txawm ua ntej lub npe ntawm qhov no.

Preddadaistskimi ua hauj lwm uas nto moo nuj nqis xws li Duchamp, Picabia thiab "kws sau paj lug boxer" - Caravan.

Xeem magazine tso "tam sim ntawd", qhov twg insulting celebrities thiab ua kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau cov yees dab neeg.

Nws yog muaj hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Dada Tristan Ttsana.

Paris yog xav tau ib tug fount ntawm lub avant-garde ntawm lub sij hawm. Erik Satie, Picasso thiab Koto tsim zag tus neeg dhia tes, tsis haum mus rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm classical qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, lossi nqa Dada demonstrations, manifestos, miv thiab kev faib tawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine.

Duchamp ua nto moo paintings reworked classics. Dada xam tau tias yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb masterpiece lub Mona Lisa nrog ib tug mustache pririsoval uas tau txais lub npe ntawm "Nws twb unbearable mob."

Ernest, tsim nws paintings, siv thooj ntawm cov laus prints. Nws paints ib tug ntshiab daim duab mus rau tag nrho cov, tab sis lawv yog tshaj-noo nrog dub lom zem.

Ttsana Court txiav txim rau pej xeem ua txoj hauj lwm "Gas plawv", uas nyob rau hauv 1923 yog ib pab laib nyob rau hauv lub koom haum "Dada," thiab Andre Breton hu lub cais khiav nrog rau tom ntej tsim ntawm surrealism.

Nyob rau hauv 1924 Ttsana sij hawm tas los yog ib tug xwm txheej no "khaub hlab huab."

Dada nyob rau hauv New York

Ob lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib ob peb NY, uas tau ua ib tug Haven rau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm pliaj tub ceev xwm ntawm lwm lub teb chaws ntxias.

Marsel Dyushan, Francis Picabia, Beatris Vud thiab Mann Ray ua lub plawv ntawm lub tebchaws United States of America Dada, tsis ntev koom los ntawm Arthur Crewe evading conscription Fabkis. Lawv tshaaj lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau gallery Alfreda Shtiglitsa thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm cov txij nkawm Arensberg.

New York Dada manifestos tsis ncaav, lawv tau qhia lawv cov kev xav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li "dig muag" thiab "New York Dada", qhov uas lawv thuam kev lig kev cai, endorses puas.

American Dadaism yog txawv heev los ntawm cov European, nws tsis tau nqa ib tug nom tswv tawm tsam, thiab tau raws li nyob rau hauv kev lom zem.

Nyob rau hauv 1917 Duchamp tshaaj ib tug urinal ntxias rau zaub, uas daig ib tug kos npe rau hais tias "Tus Ciav", uas tau nyob rau hauv lub poob siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov duab puab yog tam sim no xam tau tias yog ib tug monument ntawm modernism.

Vim ncaim ntawm tus naas ej Dadaist Duchamp lub tuam txhab tsaus muag.

Nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands,

Nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands nto moo tshaj plaws Dadaists ua Theo van Desburg uas muab ib tug magazine hu ua "De Stizhl". Cov nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv no, nws sau tej hauj lwm uas nto moo followers ntawm lub avant-garde style.

Ua ke nrog nws cov phooj ywg thiab Vilmos Shtirvesom Huszarom thiab nws tus poj niam Nelly van Disberg nws tsim lub Dutch lub tuam txhab Dada.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Disberga nws twb nrhiav tau hais tias nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv journal nws luam tawm kwv huam ntawm nws tus kheej, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym ntawm IK Bonset.

txim Dada

By kawg ntawm xyoo 1924 raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib Dada zog nyob rau hauv kos duab tau ceased mus nyob ua ib ke. Nws merged nrog surrealism thiab kev realism nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab nrog modernism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws sawv thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub teb chaws tag kev cia siab rau cov kws txawj rightly hu ua lub forerunner ntawm postmodernism.

Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, feem ntau ntawm cov Dada ntxias tau tsiv mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Adolf Hitler, paub tsuas yog lawv hom phiaj, xam tau tias yog kos duab rau ntawm "Dada" degenerate, defiles qhov tseeb (nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim) tus nqi thiab tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov hav zoov style, nws thiaj li caum, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug concentration camp ntxias uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia. Lub ib thooj ntawm cov poob nyob rau hauv lub German camp ntxias tau cov neeg Yudais cov hauv paus hniav, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov neeg uas tau raug mus txaus ntshai tsim txom thiab tua.

Echoes ntawm Dada thiab tam sim no manifested nyob rau hauv anti-kos duab thiab kev nom kev tswv pab pawg ntawm cov bohemians, piv txwv li, "ib tug cacophony ntawm cov haiv neeg." Tsis tas li ntawd nrov pab pawg neeg "Chamboemba" rightly hu nws tus kheej ib tug follower ntawm Dada.

Ib txhia sau ntawv ntseeg Lenin tug tswv cuab ntawm Club Dada, raws li nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug Balalaika Orchestra, uas tau txaus siab cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv lub "Cabaret Voltaire", thiab rau ib txhia lub sij hawm nws nyob tsis deb ntawm lub tsev, qhov chaw uas lub dho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no sib.

Tej lub sij hawm nto moo puas npaj miv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Dadaist kev taw qhia. Qhov no exhibition twb muaj nyob rau hauv 2006 nyob rau tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Kawm Art, nyob rau hauv Paris, nyob rau hauv Washington, DC, thaum lub National Gallery ntawm Kos duab thiab cov Center Georges Pompidou nyob rau hauv Paris. Zam cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "Dada" style - ib tug tribute rau qhov nyuab uas tuag thaum lub sij hawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Yog li ntawd, cia peb luv luv lub ntsab lug yog dab tsi no rau, thiab txhais tau nws yooj yim txoj hauj lwm.

• Dada yog ib daim duab nrog antipolitical thiab bourgeois orientation. Nws tsis tag nrho cov muaj tiag, zoo nkauj thiab sab ntsuj plig, luam tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub sij hawm.
• Painting - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj kheej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, uas los rau hauv lub Dadaism. Ntxias uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no quab yuam, feem ntau siv collage, uas combines ib tug ntau yam ntawm kaj scraps ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntawv xov xwm clippings thiab yees duab montage.
• Music yog muab los ntawm adherents ntawm no sib, uas yog qhov xwm ntawm lub suab nrov.
• Literature kuj yog tsis heev muaj txiaj ntsim, mas cov invention ntawm lub Dadaists los ua paj huam nyob rau hauv uas cov lus siv tsis nrov, reminiscent ntawm lub invocation rau lub gods ntawm txheej thaum ub cov neeg.
• Tsos thiab plays nyob rau hauv no sib kuj thwj thiab incoherent muaj coj txawv txawv npe.
• Lawv sculptures - cov no yog cov zoo tib yam siv nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub siv yam. Dada nto moo tshaj plaws monument - ib tug urinal, uas tus sau hu ua nws "Tug ciav".
• Lub choreography style yog qhia nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm dancers hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv costumes tas.
• Antics bohemians ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug manifestation ntawm Dada nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm kev coj cwj pwm.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tau to taub dab tsi style ntawm "Dada" thiab nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov uas nws tau arisen, deciphered nws lub npe, tham txog nws cov founders, pom sib txawv Dada nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab tau saib nws yooj yim txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, cov ntaub ntawv, painting, xinesmas , seev cev thiab architecture.

Peb cia siab tias peb twb tau kom teb tag nrho koj cov lus nug.