Hloov ntawm tus ceev xwm hauv lub Red Square: qhov kev piav qhia, kev lig kev cai, lub sij hawm thiab nthuav tseeb

Hloov ntawm tus ceev xwm hauv liab Square - ib tug fascinating spectacle. Thaum lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov peeb zeej Unknown hlawv ib txhis nplaim taws. Txhua 60 feeb, ntsuas pace, peb cov tub rog los 1 lub tuam txhab ntawm lub Kremlin tso kom muaj kab muaj kev (Medal) yog nrog lub khwb, nqus admiring glances los ntawm lub capital lub neeg nyob thiab nws cov neeg tuaj saib. Ntse, muaj zog-willed hais mav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug "brand-new" freeze rau ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd ua ntej lub unfading nplaim taws mus ib zaug dua puas hais tias: "Koj lub npe yog tsis paub hais tias, koj puas yog immortal." Ces kev sib nrauj los lub sij hawm.

Muab tso tseg thiab rov qab los

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, mus Moscow, txhua txhua Soviet pej xeem thiab neeg txawv teb chaws cov neeg tuaj xyuas npaj mus xyuas lub mausoleum. Qhov ncig saib kev pab cuam muaj ib qho txawv pom: cov kev hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau hauv liab Square, npaum li cas modernizes. Hloov cov xim thiab txiav ntawm cov tub rog mos txwv, ib co lus ntawm lub ceremony. Txawm li cas los, tus ncej xov tooj 1, tsim nyob rau hauv 1924, lub inhabitants ntawm lub Soviet Union tau txuam nrog ib yam dab tsi immutable. Tab sis, ces tuaj lub restructuring thiab tau ua nws tus kheej kev kho me ntsis: nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hlis ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tsaus ntuj nti 1993, nws mus nyob qhovtwg li.

Dhau li ntawm tus mausoleum, rau ntawm lub ntsiab square ntawm Russia (nyob rau hauv lub Alexander Park) muaj ib tug qhov ntxa ntawm cov peeb zeej Unknown. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws - nyob mus ib txhis nplaim taws zes rau lub tswv yim ntawm yeej Day, May 8, 1967. Cov neeg zov twb tsis muab. Yim ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1997, pom lub teeb ntawm ib tug decree ntawm Lavxias teb sab President. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau qhov chaw ntawm xws li ib tug ncej.

Reburial ntawm qhov seem mus rau lub chaw ua si ua nyob rau hauv 1966, nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub 25 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej tshaj qhov Nazis nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow. Ua ntej ntawd, cov tub rog tau muab nws faus nyob rau hauv ib qho ntxa, tua nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, muaj tam sim no ib tug monument rau "Bayonets" (Leningrad txoj kev loj, 41 km). Tom qab lub tswv yim npaj tsim ua hauj lwm Kremlin zej zog Iwj architectural khaub ncaws ntau nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm fighters, uas nws lub npe tau sunk rau hauv oblivion. Memorial inaugurated lub yim May 1967.

Maresiev Brezhnev

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus monument, uas yog tshwj xeeb yog kev paub qhia lo thaum lub sij hawm hloov ntawm tus neeg zov? Nyob rau liab Square tom ntej no kev tivthaiv yog muab tso rau hauv bronze art daim ntawv: hangs nrog lub tombstone sib ntaus sib tua txheej txheem, nws yog ib tug tub rog lub kaus mom hlau, tag nrho cov crowned laurel ceg. lub cim xeeb ntawm cov poob nplaim taws cig tej Leonidom Ilichem Brezhnevym. Preservation ntawm documentary footage ntawm General Secretary ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union, nyob rau bended hauv caug, theem teeb mus rau lub burner, raws li yog hais rau suav ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub memorial.

Ironically, Brezhnev coj lub teeb los ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm ib haiv neeg ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kamyshin Volgograd cheeb tsam, Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union Alekseya Petrovicha Mareseva. Nyob rau hauv 1942 lub aircraft fighter tsav tau xuas phom tua cia nyob rau hauv lub skies tshaj Valdai. Tus tsav dim, tab sis ob qho tag nrho ob txhais ceg amputated. Nws kawm tau mus taug kev rau dag ceg ntoo thiab rov qab mus rau tshwj kom txhob hauj lwm. Nws yog hais tias Alexei Petrovich mus rau tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos lus, tsis muaj khees zog, raws li yog hais tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li uas tau tshwm sim rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv 2009, lub Memorial tau tau lub teb chaws tseem ceeb. Nws yog reconstructed. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov hauj lwm nthuav lub complex mus rau lub ob hlis ntuj 2010 uas muaj lub khwb rau lub luag hauj twb tsis nqa tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm peb tsis lub solemn pw ntawm paj thiab wreaths. Cov nyob mus ib txhis nplaim taws twb tau tsiv mus rau lub yeej Park nyob Poklonnaya Hill.

Sij hawm hloov uas muaj lub khwb

Rau lub Kremlin phab ntsa blazing cim ntawm lub cim xeeb rov qab mus rau lub motherland Defender hnub, Lub ob hlis ntuj 23, 2010. Muaj coob tus neeg xav txog thaum twg lub hloov uas muaj lub khwb yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau Red Square. Sij hawm muaj xws li txhua txhua hnub thiab hourly, ceev cov dej num. Home - yim nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, qhov kawg - yim nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj.

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhov teeb meem thiab ua rau kev sib nrauj teev dhau sijhawm. Tus thawj zov ntawm yawm nyob rau hauv 1997. Lub commander ntawm lub 1 lub tuam txhab tauj ncov loj VS Kaminsky, Sergeant MP Volgunov (diluting), corporals RV Chernoburov, A. S. Gorbashkov. Cov yav tas ob mus rau lub luag hauj on Hlis ntuj nqeg 12, nyob rau ntawm lub yim teev nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov. Feem ntau cov viewers yog delighted cov tub rog tho Kremlin tuam txhab: nws yog ib txwm nyob rau sab saum toj. Nws tsis yog ib txwm hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Liab Square xav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb, "lub Kremlin lub txav." Tseem ceeb rua kev honed muaj no ntawm caj npab thiab thaum kawg concerted kev txiav txim.

gus-kauj ruam

Interestingly keeb kwm ceremonial "gus kauj ruam" uas mus rau cov tub rog thaum lub sij hawm lub ceremony. Lawv tsa lub ceg siab thiab maj mam, nrog txhua stroke ntawm rub thom khwm. Kom tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem yog tsis yooj yim. Tab sis nws yog heev kev paub qhia lo zog. Lub taub hau yog yus muaj los ntawm tsa, caj dab ncav us txog tawm, caj npab ces muab pov tseg raws li "Cov tuav". Tag nrho cov no yog tsim nyog los tswj cov tshuav nyiaj li cas. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam ntawm muaj zog thiab disciplined cov txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws pib mus rau yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv parades los ntawm decree ntawm Tsar Paul I. tej yam nyob rau hauv lub Red Army thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub satellites ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Muaj pov thawj hais tias gus-stepping siv nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, nws yog muab tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv tus ncej xov tooj 1 complex, spectacular xyaum txais tos yog tseem tseem ceeb. Nws daim ntawv thov qhuas txhua leej txhua tus uas tuaj rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Moscow, thaum muaj ib tug hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau hauv liab Square, koj yuav hnov cov qw ntawm "Qhov no yog - lub parade ntawm cov ntshav cov txheeb ze? Yog li ntawd zoo ib yam! "

Peb kev pab cov neeg thiab zoo nkauj, thiab tsis yooj yim

Qhov no zoo nkaus li tsis yog yug nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus thiab yog raws li tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub stunning kawm tub rog ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev yog sau npe ib tug ntau ntawm ntxaib cov kwv tij. Yog, nws zoo tag nrho zoo thiab kev paub qhia lo. Tab sis cov kev pab cuam yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim tias tsis yog txhua rau lub xub pwg xws li ib tug hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau liab Square rau sawv tsis stirring nyob rau hauv lub txias thiab lub cua, nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub thiab nag. Coj raws li yog hais tias koj tsis xav tias tej yam ntawm cov huab cua puag. Muaj ntau tourists lees paub hais tias tus mus kom ze, txawm xav tias tus ntsawj txias los ntawm tus txhav nuj nqis. Tag nrho cov zoo npaj: outwardly tso tseg hauv - tus neeg ras heev thiab sau. Nws yog - kev ruaj ntseg.

Taug kev mus rau Moscow, los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm nco ntsoov ntau npaum li cas hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau hauv liab Square, Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws neeg ncig teb chaw muaj thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum sawv ntxov thiab lig thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Tab sis yog hais tias tus lub hom phiaj - mus saib tus ceev xwm kev sib nrauj, koj yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub mis "los ntawm yim rau yim" (thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj).

gray cov qub tub rog

Muaj yog tsis tsuas disparate qhua thiab cov pab pawg, qhov ob peb, uas raws li kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv lub hnub yug ntawm cov tsev neeg yuav xav ua tsaug rau cov neeg uas tiv thaiv rau lub tiaj ntuj tshaj lawv taub hau. Sawv ntxov, May 9 (Yeej Day) qub tub rog cov qub tub rog tuaj. Txhua txhua xyoo, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsawg, raws li lub sij hawm inexorably.

Los ntawm cov ncej xov tooj 1, lawv yuav hais hnub nyoog tib yam. Thaum rov qab nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-plaub xyoo ntawm tus XX xyoo pua rau kes duab vajtse Alekseem Viktorovichem Schusevym teem ib qho tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm los tsim kom tau ib tug crypt (mausoleum) ntawm tus tuag leej txiv ntawm tus Soviet Union Lenin, ib leeg yug los, lwm tus neeg heev me me. Lawv tuaj ntawm no cov tub ntxhais, blossoming hais mav, cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv lawv cov prime.

Keeb xeeb lub mausoleum ua tau ntawm ntoo. Ib tug me me thawv muaj rau sab tsaus nti grey xim nqaij daim tawv, thiab saum toj no nws yog ib tug pyramid nyob rau hauv peb cov kauj ruam (tag nrho cov qhov siab ntawm ntxa Siv 3 meters). Tus thawj khwb muab nees nkaum-thib rau lub ib hlis ntuj xyoo 1924 nyob rau ntawm 16 teev. Cov yawm muab rau Kawm ua tub rog, cov tub Batrakov Grigoriyu Koblovu thiab Arseny Kashkin (divorcing ua railroader tub Janos Meysarosh, Hungarian haiv neeg). Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union hailed koob pheej ntawm lawv, fraternity, cov tswv cuab ntawm ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv.

thib ob Mausoleum

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias yuav ua li cas tshwm sim, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau hauv liab Square, thiab nws yog lub npe hu rau tej dej num Kawm ua tub rog ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab lub neej coj squadrons ntawm lub Kremlin tub rog tsev kawm ntawv muaj npe tom qab lub Central Executive Committee. Nws tsis, yog thawj lub sij hawm ntawm lub cavalry los yog infantry, tshuab phom thiab Gunners - yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov txiv neej ntawm nws lub sij hawm.

Los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1924 muaj ntau zog ntxhov siab vim txog kev tswj lub cev ntawm tus thawj coj. Shchusev raug txib mus ua ib tug tshiab, ntau robust architectural daim ntawv no, uas yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub Kremlin phab ntsa thiab liab Square. Qhov thib ob lub tsev yog loj, nrog rau ib tug portico thiab stands, ceev, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub siab tawg tag square. Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los ntawm uas twb muaj lawm tej chaw tuaj nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj thiab tau los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm tua: cov neeg vam qhov no mus rallies, demonstrations, parades. Thaum tus nkag mus rau muab tso rau ib lub khwb ntawm Kremlin Kawm ua tub rog.

greatness nco

Nyob rau lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lenin tuag , nrog rau "kremlyanami" kev pab nqa neeg ntawm lwm cov tub rog cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab regiments, thiab kuj yeej tus yawm cov neeg ua hauj thiab peasants. Ua timkhawv pom yav dhau los txheej xwm tshwm sim quaj nrog xav, thaum muaj ib tug hloov uas muaj lub khwb. Nyob rau hauv liab Square, ib zaug hauv tus txheej txheem yog tej yam yooj yim thiab ntsia sternly. Tab sis ib yam nkaus thiab majestic.

Los ntawm 1929 nws qhuav lawm lub tswv yim los tsim kom tau ib lub pob zeb mausoleum uas preserves tus paub zoo lawm. Commission nyob rau hauv cov kev tsim kho coj K. E. Voroshilov. sau ntawm peb tes num yog ua los ntawm lub irreplaceable Shchusev. Nws tsis tau luam cov ntoo qauv, thiab siv tshiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm xov lub tsev ntawd clad nyob rau hauv granite thiab marble. Txij li thaum 1935, tus kabmob uas muaj lub khwb nqa cov tub rog ntawm lub garrison ntawm lub Kremlin. Thaum cov yeeb ncuab tuaj mus rau Moscow thawj coj lub cev twb evacuated mus Tyumen. Sentries tau ua raws li los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub log (ob leeg nyob rau Moscow thaum lub mausoleum thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog). Nyob rau hauv 1950, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Soviet thawj coj I. V. Stalina, tus nkag rau tej lub sij hawm yuav pom cov inscription "Lenin-Stalin." Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov txheej xwm. Hloov sawv hloov ntawm khwb ntawm yawm. Raws li hais saum toj no, nyob rau hauv 1966, lub Kremlin nyob qhov ntxa ntawm cov peeb zeej Unknown. Tej lub sij hawm nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tsis yog ib tug tas mus li post. Tam sim no nws ua. Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov heroism ntawm cov neeg ciaj sia thiab tiv thaiv.