Horace - Biography. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk - Roman kws sau paj lug

Horace - lub thib ob zoo Roman kws sau paj lug tom qab Virgil, uas teev nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim ib cov qauv ntaub ntawv. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov paj huam yog "cov lus ntawm gymnastics." Horace tsis nyiam cov lyrics ntawm Catullus, thiab sim sau tej hauj lwm uas yuav tsum zoo xws li, thiab ntawm lub mas moralistic kwv huam ntawm Virgil.

Tus nyeem ntawv yog ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog tej hauj lwm ntawm cov poj Roman kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj nws cov keeb kwm era, biography. Goratsiy Kvint ua ib tug loj loj pab mus rau lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis yog los ntawm ib tug yooj yim tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam nws formulated nws tus kheej txoj kev txawj ntse thiab muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tswv yim rau tus cuj pwm thiab koom txoj kev npaj, raws li nyob rau hauv uas lub philosophy ntawm lub golden txhais li cas dag.

Horace: lub neej thiab hauj lwm

Qhov zoo Roman kws sau paj lug, yug nyob rau hauv 65 BC. e. nyob rau hauv Venusia. Nws ua hauj lwm ntog rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub reign ntawm Octavian Augustus, uas coj qhov chaw ntawm Caesar. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm freedmen, uas muab kev kho mob ntawm lub tsim ntawm nws tus tub tom qab nws tuag tshuav nws ib tug me me qub txeeg qub tes.

Cov kws sau paj lug lub neej twb ncaj qha mus txog rau cov kev ua ntawm Maecenas. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, raug tua Caesar, Kvint Goratsiy Flakk tuaj koom lub ntawm UFW ntawm Brutus. Hais tias Patron pab nws tsim kom muaj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub neej: lub qub txeeg qub tes tau nthuav thiab nkag tau mus rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Augustus.

Horace tuag ntawm ib tug Sudden mob nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub 8 pua BC. e. Nws raug faus tom ntej no mus rau nws lub virtue ntawm Maecenas nyob rau outskirts ntawm lub Esquiline.

kos duab nta

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk yog ib tug ntau yam kws sau paj lug uas tsim paj huam kuaj nyob rau hauv txawv lyrical lwm yam - Odes thiab zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv. Ob leeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab mus ob peb vas sufficiently ceremony. Txawm li cas los, nws Odes, tso tawm nyob rau hauv plaub phau ntawv, yog tsis npaj rau qhuas lwm tus neeg ua tau thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub neej txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab nws lub tswv yim. Horace muab lawv tswv yim, xa mus rau leej twg mob siab rau Odes.

Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm tus poj Roman kws sau paj lug yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb mus los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem:

1. epodov (dvuhstishiya-paj huam iambic cim).

2. satire (khoom ntawm raug xwm). Sau nyob rau hauv hexameters.

3. Ode (lyrical kwv huam nplooj siab rau ib tug kev tshwm sim).

Horace, uas nws biography muaj xws li peb lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ib tug lub neej adhered mus rau lub philosophy ntawm lub golden mean, ua rau kev txawj ntse, kev txiav txim, kev zoo nkauj, siab zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo.

lus Ib hom ntawv nyeem

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, uas nws cov kwv huam rau qhov cov mob siab rau rau cov tib neeg, yog zoo heev nyob rau hauv no txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws tau sau 23 cov tsiaj ntawv, qhov kawg ntawm uas - "Yuav kom nab hab sej" - yog cov thib ob ua hauj lwm ntawm kev sau ntawv thuam tom qab lub "paj huam ntawm science" ntawm Aristotle, uas ua tim khawv rau nws cov RESPONSIBILITIES nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub loog ntawm Horace - txawj ntse, raws li mus rau qhov, mus rau lub style thiab xaiv lus tsa siab nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau lub ntsiab. Nws cov paj huam yog ib qhov nyuaj to taub. Iogann Volfgang Gete ib zaug sau hais tias cov dluab nyob rau hauv cov lus no zoo xws li lub "pendulum". Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lyric paj huam yog nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias Horace yuav skillfully txav los ntawm ib cov duab mus rau lwm lub, siv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm qhov sib txawv poetic meters. Nws cov kwv huam uas tau sau nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm npe, thaj npe, thiab nws them mloog kom meej.

Thematic pawg Odes ntawm Horace

Paj Huam-thiaj yog cov epitome ntawm kev txawj ntse. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog tsuas yog sawv cev los ntawm plaub Odes phau ntawv, sau nyob rau hauv no thematic pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub brevity ntawm lub neej thiab cov kev ceev ntawm lub tam sim no lub sij hawm. Rau nws, tus caum qab ntawm honors thiab wealth yog meaningless. Lub Odes ntawm kev hlub ntsiab suab, tsiab peb caug, tab sis tsis zoo li Catullus kwv huam, lawv zoo siab thiab kev nplij siab laus. Koj muaj peev xwm suav 7 poj niam npe, uas Horace sau tau ib zaj paj huam-thiaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws Odes (№30 «Yuav kom Melpomene") nws seb puas tsimnyog tau qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tsis txawj tuag ntawm cov kws sau paj lug thiab ib feem ntawm ib tug kev lig kev cai sib tam rov qab mus rau lub Egyptian paj huam hais tias tib neeg tsis txawj tuag yog tiav raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, cov creation ntawm kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm. Nws infinity Horace pom nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub.

Analysis Ode № 30

Qhov no ua hauj lwm tau txais tus code lub npe "Monument". Cov paj huam yog li ntawd nyiam cov classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag ntawm cov kws sau paj lug borrowed Gavrila Derzhavin ( "Kuv tau tsa ib tug monument zoo, nyob mus ib txhis"), Alexander Pushkin ( "Kuv yog ib tug monument tsa tsis muaj tes"), Valery Bryusov ( "Kuv monument stands ntawm stanzas tsiaj ntawv complex "). Lub ob raws li ib tug epigraph borrowed verses nyob rau hauv Latin, tau Huab Tais Ntuj hais ib zaug Horace. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, raws li peb paub, yog deb ntawm heev: ib tug me nyuam nws tsis tau paub thiab cov khoom kim heev nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej ua rau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub siab rau centuries.

Ode №30 hu ua "Yuav kom Melpomene" thiab xaus rau lub thib peb phau ntawv ntawm Odes; Melpomene nyob rau hauv mythology yog lub muse raug txom nyem. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom Horace hais txog nws ua tau thiab nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm nws txaus siab mus rau crown koj tus kheej nrog ib tug laurel wreath. Rau hnub tim, lub feem ntau muaj kev vam meej translations ntawm Odes №30 xam tau tias yog Lomonosov kwv huam thiab Vostokova.

satires ntawm Horace

Peru, tus poj Roman kws sau paj lug yuav mus rau ob peb collections ntawm satires. Los ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog xav tias nws yog nto moo tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug tswv ntawm Odes. Satire Horace li philosophical sib cam txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lawv nws qhia lub philosophy ntawm lub golden mean. Lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm derision yog cuav paths ntawm kev zoo siab, tus caum qab ntawm xav txog tej yam khoom. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, uas nws cov kwv huam yog satirical cim luag thuam revelers thiab drunks. Ib tug ntawm nws lub neej txoj kev pom zoo hais tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog los ua ib tug qhev rau cawu cub thiab tua tu siab kev tsim txom no haus dej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov khoom ntawm derision nyob rau hauv lub satires yog neeg passions thiab vices, nyob rau hauv uas nws sau hais txog tus kheej: satire naj npawb 6, piv txwv li, nws qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm nws lub neej. Horace, nrog ib tug tsawg keeb kwm, nyob, cov ntsiab lus nrog me me thiab tsis paub cov khoom kim heev.

Lug tau sai dlua poetic qhov ntev

Horace tej zaum tsis zais nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam thiab nws cov keeb kwm yog tsis txaj muag mus yuav tus tub ntawm tempered tub qhe yuav. Los ntawm kev kwv yees ntawm cov zajlus critic Mikhail Gasparov kws sau paj lug siv nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam 12 hom ntawm ancient Greek verses, nws ntse heev yog masterful paub thiab muaj lub poetic kos duab. Nyob rau hauv thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws Odes, nws muab ib tug "parade" ntawm cov qhov ntev hais sapphic, alkeevu thiab lwm yam stanzas. Dhau li Odes ntawm Horace, lub xyoo ntawm lub neej uas tau heev, ua hauj lwm nrog epodov uas yog heev uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv rau pripevki. Lawv qhia cov nom tswv cov ntsiab lus thiab, nyob rau hauv iambs, luag thuam cov shortcomings ntawm cov neeg thiab cov tib neeg (clearest piv txwv - "Yuav kom cov Roman cov neeg").

Horace lub tswv yim pom zoo nrog rau cov lus qhia

"Nej yuav tsum zoo siab nrog dab tsi koj muaj nyob rau hauv tes." Nws yog yog li ntawd npaj tsuas tseem ceeb heev qhov tseeb, uas hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los nyob thiab txaus siab rau niaj hnub no thiab tsis mus rau txim lub creator rau lub fact tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg paub thiab nplua nuj. Tag nrho cov kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees thiab txoj kev yuav cov ntsiab lus nrog me ntsis.

"Siv nyiaj muaj yog hais tias koj kopish lawv, tab sis tsis txhob siv." Yuav ua li cas ntau paub zaj dab neeg, thaum ib tug txiv neej tag nrho nws lub neej nrhiav kom ua capital, tsis tau lawv tus kheej ntau yam, tab sis ua haujlwm tau nyiaj nws tuag. Horace hais tias philosophy tsis ncaj ncees lawm: koj yuav tsum siv cov nyiaj khwv tau tusyees thiab nyob tag nrho, tsis muaj kev txwv.

"Tu siab ntawm lub neej accelerates wine, tab sis paub txoj kev ntsuas." Hedonism raws li ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv zoo nkauj txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm Library li lub zoo tshaj plaws lub hom phiaj ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Horace qhia no saib ib nrab: wine haus yuav yeej tua tu siab, tab sis tsis ua phem rau lawv.

"Caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv kev hlub, tab sis tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev hlub." Horace, uas nws biography yog tej nrog xya tus poj niam lub npe, coj qhov tseeb, los ntawm cov uas ib tug txiv neej muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog koj lub siab. Nws yeej tsis lees kev hlub, tab sis yog pom zoo rau cov mob siab rau thiab raug kev txom nyem.

Keeb kwm ntawm Roman ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov npe

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws Roman comedians xam tau tias yog Maktsy Titus Plautus. Nws sau txog tsib caug comedies, tab sis peb tuaj xwb 19. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws yog tswv ntau tshaj 20,000 kab ntawm nqe Vajluskub no.

Lucretius thiab Catullus yog cov brightest cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Roman ntaub ntawv ntawm lub koom pheej lub sij hawm. Tus thawj yog tus sau ntawm "Nyob rau hauv Xwm yam", thaum lub sij hawm thib ob yog nto moo rau nws txoj kev hlub kwv huam.

Publius Vergilius Maro dabbled nyob rau hauv ntau zajlus lwm yam. Cov Roman kws sau paj lug yog cov neeg sau ntawm "Aeneid" heroic paj huam

Publius Ovid Naso hu ua ib tug junior kawm ntawm Horace. Nws yog tus sau ntawm cov paj huam "Science ntawm kev hlub" sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ironic cov hlab ntsha, raws li zoo raws li ib tug sau ntawm zaj nkauj "Amores".

Phaedrus yog koj kws sau paj lug thiab fabulist, uas xub pib sau ntawv fables nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub. Nws los ua nto moo rau nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm thiab translations ntawm Aesop.

Chiv, lub sij hawm "prose" siv los ntawm cov neeg Loos ua txhais neritmizovannoy hais lus. Tus thawj cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nestihotvornoy nyob npaum li cas tom qab ntawd. Paub novelist assumed Apuleius - sau ntawm lub taug txuj kev nyuaj tshiab "Tus Golden Lub nroog Yeiuxalees", raws li nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb yog Petronius Arbiter, uas tau sau "Satyricon".