Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub visual arts: cov hauj lwm, cov neeg sawv cev

Ltalis, lub birthplace ntawm lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv fine arts, muaj tag nrho cov mus nkag tau rau hauv lub rov tshwm sim ntawm no hom ntawm painting. Cov Roman faj tim teb chaws muaj ib tug heev theem siab ntawm kev loj hlob, thiab nws ua tau yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov kos duab ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm Western teb chaws Europe. Tsis muaj zem uas nyob rau hauv ltalis thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua, muaj ib tug keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv fine arts.

Ib tug nyuag cov keeb kwm

Yuav kom to taub li cas cov keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv kos duab, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas. Renaissance lub sij hawm - qhov no yog qhov heyday ntawm humanistic tswv yim uas tau tshwm sim los kev txhawj xeeb xwb tsis rau tus neeg tab sis kuj mus rau lub civil thiab kev nom kev tswv yav dhau los.

Tus txheej xwm ntawm lub heroic dhau los ntawm lub teb chaws thiab yuav tsum tau tso saib lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv fine arts. Piv txwv li nram qab no: paintings Andrea Mantenya, "Lub Triumph ntawm Caesar" (1485-1492), ib tug ntau yam ntawm fabrics Paolo Uccello, mob siab rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm San Romano thiab lwm tus neeg. Achievements ntawm lub Renaissance nyob rau hauv ltalis, sai sai kis thoob plaws teb chaws Europe, qhov twg lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv fine arts thiab pib nws txoj kev loj hlob.

European ntxias ntawm cov keeb kwm painting XVII-XVIII centuries

Yav tag los cov txheej xwm tau attracted nyuab thiab nyob rau hauv Western European lub teb chaws. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm no sib yuav ntaus nqi rau lub XVII caug xyoo - lub heyday ntawm classicism thiab baroque. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub artistic kab lis kev cai mus rau lub forefront tuaj tawm raws nraim li lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho lwm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm fine arts rau tej lub sij hawm mus muab nws ib qho chaw ntawm tseem ceeb vim hais tias classicism npaj los tsim nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw ntawm heroic dluab thiab monumental paintings.

Nyob rau hauv no style, lub keeb kwm ntsiab, ua hauj lwm Peter Paul Rubens (lub painting "Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Amazons", 1619-1620 gg.), Nikola Pussen ( "The Rape ntawm lub Sabine poj niam", 1614-1615 gg.), Jacques-Louis David, uas tau sau ob lub ancient thiab cov kawm ntsiab. Cov hauj lwm uas yus muaj los ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm pathos, heroic poses, sublime lub ntsej muag kab zauv thiab gestures. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub muaj pes tsawg leeg tsa kev txiav txim ntawm antique daim thiab featured ib theatrical bombast. Yuav kom qhov no coj xws li paintings, sau nyob rau hauv phau Vajluskub tshiab. Piv txwv li, Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt tsim lub painting "Tus xa rau tus tub tau ploj lawm" (1669).

Keeb kwm painting nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua

Classicism thiab baroque sai tau muab txoj kev mus rau lub tshiab kab lis kev cai currents - Romanticism. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no sib deb ntawm lub heroic txhais ntawm yav dhau los, ntawm lub siab ntsws tivthaiv. Lub ntxias teem tawm mus tsim xws li imagery rau evoke pab koj tu siab thiab nrog los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting yog ib tug txawv kiag li tsim, raws li cov fore lub ntsiab ntawm tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab cwj pwm txawv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, Ezhena Delakrua nrag "tua neeg pov tseg ntawm Chios" sau nyob rau hauv 1826. Keeb kwm motifs nrhiav tau, thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov mas Fabkis artist Onore Dome: nrag "Lub Rebellion" (1848).

Western European historic romantic painting lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo, lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub visual arts tau undergone tseem ceeb cov kev hloov. Qhov no yog vim lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia - cov realism. Nws cov neeg sawv cev tau nrhiav los tsim ib tug ntau lifelike dluab thiab cov zajlus. Qhov no sib yuav ntaus nqi qhov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Adolf von Menzel, uas tsim nyob rau hauv 1850 ib tug series ntawm paintings devoted mus rau era Fridriha Velikogo. Paj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm no era yog lom zem ntau piav los ntawm ntau cov revolutions uas tuav teb chaws Europe thaum lub sij hawm. Hotbeds ntawm revolts tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv ltalis, Fabkis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Yog li ntawd, zaum, ntxias, sau ntawv nrhiav cov lus teb rau tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los, thiab qhov no piav txog cov emergence of realism nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting

Nthuav rau kev tsom xam thiab lub teb chaws keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab. Lub hauv paus pib, hom thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv Russia - yog ib lub npe rau lwm sib tham, vim hais tias peb kab lis kev cai yog heev npaum li cas borrowed los ntawm European kos duab. Lub era ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv lub loj heev teb hnub rov qab mus rau lub XVIII xyoo pua: lub sij hawm no ntawm domestic ntxias tig mus rau tus txheej xwm ntawm yav dhau los nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm.

Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab - Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Nws sau cov nto moo paintings ntawm yav dhau los ntawm Ancient Rus ( "Vladimir thiab Rogneda", 1770) thiab paintings mob siab rau classical ntxhais. Nws cov thwjtim tau Ivan Akimov, kuj xa mus rau tus txheej xwm ntawm lub Kievan Rus, Peter Sokolov, depicting mythological dluab, Gregory Ugriumov, xa mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua. Cov hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li nyob sab Europe paintings nyob rau hauv lub classical style, txawv nce dluab thiab cov zajlus.

Keeb kwm ntxhais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1800-1850

Ib hom ntawv nyeem painting duab nyob rau hauv lub visual arts heev ntau haiv neeg, txawm li cas los, vim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm, nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua keeb kwm kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub hom qauv nyob rau hauv lub artistic kab lis kev cai. Lub nyuab ntawm no sib lom zem ntau txuas ntxiv qhov kev cai ntawm classicism, xaiv ib tug kwv rau nws ua hauj lwm heroic tseeb ntawm yav dhau los. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv fine arts, painting yog distinguished los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev paub qhia lo, nws nyiam tus loj tshaj koob meej ntawm lub intelligentsia, thiab cov loj cov pej xeem.

Yuav kom qhov no coj xws li tej hauj lwm Antona Ivanova "Lub feat ntawm cov tub ntxhais los ntawm Kiev thaum lub sij hawm lub siege ntawm Kiev Pechenegs nyob rau hauv 968" (1810), Alekseya Egorova "So nyob rau hauv lub davhlau mus rau hauv Egypt" (xyoo 1830). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia - Romanticism, uas muaj kev tsim tiag tiag li, lub siab lub ntsws dluab, mob siab heev puas siab puas ntsws nro. Piv txwv li, Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, uas tsim lub npe nrov painting txog txoj kev tuag ntawm Pompeii, Fodor Antonovich Bruni thiab Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov, uas tau sau hauv phau Vajlugkub cov dab neeg.

Keeb kwm ntxhais nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub xeem peb lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo sau phau ntawv

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua, ntxias pib xim scenes ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, muaj ib tug series ntawm paintings nplooj siab mus rau tej txheej xwm ntawm yav dhau los ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub visual arts sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no paintings: paintings los sis Repina "Ntxhais fuabtais Sophia nyob rau hauv Novodevichy Convent" (1879) thiab "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub" (1884), tej hauj lwm ntawm Vasily Surikov, nyob rau lub feem ntau txaus ntshai tej xwm txheej nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia XVIII caug xyoo. Cov hauj lwm uas txawv los ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj yeeb yuj thiab kev paub qhia lo dluab thiab cov tom qab ib puag ncig.

Lub keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm fine arts

Local ntxias pib mus thov tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev nom kev tswv txheej xwm, tab sis kuj mus rau lub daim duab ntawm lub neej txhua hnub ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg. Yog li ntawd, tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub painting coj lub thiaj li hu ua tsev neeg keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Fine kos duab rau ntawm no sib tau tau npaum li cas tej chaw ntawm cov kawm ntawv pej xeem ntawm lub sij hawm.

Raws li ib qho piv txwv yog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm cov hauv qab no sau phau ntawv: Vyacheslava Shvartsa, tsim ib daim duab txog lub muaj koob muaj npe mus yos hav zoov, Konstantin Makovsky, uas tau sau hais txog lub paintings Muscovy nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Keeb kwm tsev neeg kawm coj zoo tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub koom haum "World of Art". Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov paintings ua si lub me hwj chim thiab solemnity, tab sis nrog ib tug kov cov kev tu siab (Albert Benoit depicting grandiose outputs ntawm Lavxias teb sab emperors thiab empresses nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, Evgeniy Lansere, depicting luxurious ncig ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, Valentin Serov, kos tus huab tais txoj kev lom zem).

Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting ntawm lub Soviet thiab niaj hnub lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ntxias tau feem ntau muab mus rau tus txheej xwm ntawm yav dhau los Russia. Txawm li cas los, lawv tau revived cov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev kawm ntawv kos duab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, depicting heroic scenes ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, cov artist V. E. Popkov yog suav tias yog tus founder ntawm lub "mob loj heev style" nyob rau hauv Soviet kos duab (painting, embodying qhov kev siv ntawm hydropower cov nroj tsuag). Ntawm kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ( "Mezen poj ntsuam", 1965-1968.). Ib tug cwj mem TE Nazarenko yuav ua lag luam, uas muaj peev xwm yuav pom cov raws cov ntsiab lus: uprising Pugachev, Decembrists.

Kawm ntxias uas qhia zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia. I. S. Glazunov ua nto moo rau txoj kev kom cov monumental canvases nplooj siab kom to taub yav dhau los peb lub teb chaws: cov khoom, symbolically uas qhia txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg sau, "Russia, txog caij sawv!" (1994) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yog li ntawd, summing up, peb yuav hais tias keeb kwm ntxhais nyob ib tug heev tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv European kos duab, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting. Tseeb thiab cov neeg, ua yeeb yam thiab solemnity yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho lwm yam ntawm fine art, duab piav qhia, tab sis no style yog ib tug thawj coj.