Konstantin Makovsky: lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist. Konstantin Makovsky: zoo tshaj plaws daim duab, ntawv sau txog

Biography ntawm artist Makovskogo Konstantina hnub no nws laus los ntawm nws eminent tij laug Vladimir - paub tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub loj leeb. Txawm li cas los, Constantine tau tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev ua ib tug loj, ywj siab cov neeg pleev kob.

tsev neeg Makovsky

Npe menyuam yaus Makovsky yog zoo dua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab. Cov txiv Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky yog ib tug muaj koob kos duab nyob rau hauv Moscow, ib tug pib xyaum ua neeg pleev kob. Nws tau tsa ib "full-scale lub tsev kawm ntawv 'kev nyuab uas yuav ua lub npe hu ua lub Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting.

Cov tsev neeg yeej ib txwm reigned muaj tswv yim dab tsis li ntawd tag nrho peb cov me nyuam Yegor Ivanovich ua painters. Lub tsev feem ntau mus xyuas nws txiv tus phooj ywg - painters Karl Bryullov thiab Vasily Tropinin, raws li kev no yuav ua tau thiab txawj sau ntawv Gogol, actor Shchepkin, Glinka composer. Cov tsev neeg yog lossi txheej txheem kev sau ntawv thiab cov suab paj nruas yav tsaus ntuj, sib cav tswv yim hais txog kev kos duab tau. Tag nrho cov no pab cov tsim ntawm cov me nyuam. Adult Konstantin Makovsky hais tias nws kawm tau zoo nyob rau hauv painting, nws yog yuam ua hauj lwm tsuas rau nws tus txiv, uas yog tau los khom nyob rau hauv nws ineradicable hlub ntawm daim duab.

Cov tsev neeg muaj me nyuam yaus peb: tus hlob tus tub Constantine, tus ntxhais ntawm Alexander thiab tus yau - Vladimir. Wealth nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg yog siab mos siab muag, tab sis kav tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov kos duab siab compensated rau tag nrho cov inconveniences.

Constantine lub thaum yau

Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, Konstantin Makovsky tau raus rau hauv kos duab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tsis paub lwm yam lub neej, thiab nws twb destined los xaiv txoj kev ntawm cov artist. Tag nrho cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg heev thaum ntxov pib kos.

Kostya, raws li thawj tus me nyuam ntawm cov tsev neeg, pib los ntawm hais tias nws yog nyob ze rau nws txiv thiab nws cov phooj ywg, thaum lawv tham txog cov paintings thiab lawv cov kev npaj, sketches thiab paintings tsom. Tag nrho cov no ua cov aesthetic views thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov me nyuam tub.

Nrhiav cov khoom siv tes

Nyob rau hauv 1851, Konstantin Makovsky nkag mus rau hauv tus txiv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, duab puab thiab architecture. Nws mentors twb muaj - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo tus me nyuam tub tsim artist nrog nws tus kheej, thawj saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab qhia nws cov qauv rau kev pictorial kos duab.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nws yog tus thawj me nyuam kawm ntawv tau txais tag nrho cov tau khoom plig. Nyob rau hauv 1858 Konstantin nkag mus hauv lub Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb, nws tsis tu ncua tshaaj nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau txhua xyoo exhibition ntawm lub Academy, thiab txawm tau txais ib tug kub puav pheej rau nws ua hauj lwm "Cov ua hauj lawm ntawm tus ua txuj Dmitri tua cov tub Borisa Godunova."

Nyob rau hauv 1862 Makovsky pib nrhiav txoj kev nyob rau hauv kos duab, raws li academicism nws ciali boring thiab outdated.

Txoj kev mus rau daim duab

Konstantin Makovsky (duab, ntawv sau txog ntawm lub artist uas hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) yog tab tom nrhiav rau nws style, nws xav mus qhia nws puab ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv 1863 nws, nrog rau kaum peb lwm yam nyuab xaiv los koom nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw rau cov neeg pej xeem kub puav pheej ntawm lub Academy of Arts, tsis kam mus rau xim rau, utverzhdennnuyu kawm.

Nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab Makovsky thiab yuav tsis tau txais ib daim ntawv kawm tiav kev kawm ntawv. Qhov kev tshwm sim los ua lub npe hu ua lub "revolt ntawm kaum plaub". Cov kev tawm tsam yog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov nyuab xav txoj kev ywj pheej thiab sau ntawv ua hauj lwm rau ib tug dawb ntsiab, tab sis lub Academy tsis xav mus tawm kom tau raws li lawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug revolt tiv thaiv lub shackles ntawm academicism thiab yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib qho tsev kawm ntawv tshiab ntawm realism, nyob rau hauv uas Konstantin Makovsky yuav ua si ib tug muaj koob lub luag hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1863, cov artist koom cov pab pawg neeg I. Archaeology thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qho hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting. Nyob rau hauv 1870 Makovsky los ua ib tug ntawm cov initiators thiab ideological inspirers ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum mus ncig nyuab thiab ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, piav txog scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub.

Nws tau tshaaj ua hauj lwm ob leeg rau kev kawm miv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab nrog tej neeg loj leeb. Nyob rau hauv 80-ies Makovsky yog ua heev nrov sau salon portraits thiab paintings nyob rau hauv keeb kwm kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1889 nws tau txais ib tug kub laiv nyob rau hauv ib daim duab tso rau neeg pom nyob rau hauv Paris rau ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm.

Makovsky khoom txhuam twb keeb kwm scenes, lub neej ntawm cov neeg, lub neej. Nws muaj siab hlub thiab ethnographic raug sau costumes thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub cim. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 80-ies cov artist yog nce tig mus rau keeb kwm kev kawm, sau ntau ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim duab, piv txwv li, "Boyarsky kab tshoob tsiab peb caug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII", uas nyiam zoo zoo nrog cov pej xeem thiab critics. Raws li lawv tau tsim ntau portraits ntawm ntau yam neeg.

Lub artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Konstantin Makovsky muaj txog ib puas paintings, ntau ntawm lawv yog cov loj, ntev epic (niaj hnub no lawv yog tawg nyob rau hauv ntiag tug thiab tsev cia puav pheej collections tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov Cathedral ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej nyob rau hauv Moscow.

collector

Konstantin Makovsky, uas nws paintings yog tam sim no tus kwv uas saib xyuas ntawm lolus, nws yog ib tug great collector. Qhov no mob siab nws tau txais los ntawm nws txiv, uas tau hlub ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kos duab khoom thiab antiques.

Lub tswv yim ntawm tus sau los yog formulated los ntawm cov artist nyob rau hauv cov lus: "nkauj qub." Nqa los ntawm keeb kwm kev kawm, nws sau ntau yam lauj kaub tais diav thiab rooj tog, costumes, thiab tag nrho cov uas attracted rau lub ua kom zoo saj ntawm cov artist.

Thaum lub sij hawm Entrainment neeg pluag ntsiab, Makovsky tau mus ncig mus rau Lavxias teb sab xeev, yuav khoom hauv tsev thiab cov khaub ncaws. Lus rau tus East Ntxiv rau ib tug sau ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm oriental yam khoom hauv tsev, ntaub pua taw, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab costumes. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, rau lub 80 th xyoo ntawm tus artist chav tsev nws yog ntau zoo li ib tug tsev cia puav pheej tshaj ib tug tib neeg lub tsev.

Yam khoom collections yog feem ntau tau txais kev pab raws li lub hauv paus rau lub creation ntawm paintings. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub "Boyarsky kab tshoob tsiab peb caug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII", critics nco ntsoov lub coincidence feeb kom paub meej keeb kwm costumes thiab phau ntawm lub sij hawm. By pib ntawm XX caug xyoo. Makovsky yog ib tug ntawm Russia lub biggest lolus, thiab nws ua hauj lwm tau coj lub zam rau sau craze ntawm cov bohemians thiab lub bourgeoisie.

Konstantin Egorovich yog zoo siab heev rau nws sau, zoo siab hlo tsom nws, thiab muab tej yam uas yuav sib txawv miv. Tom qab nws tuag, nws tau raug tsa auction, uas muab tso rau 1100 cov khoom, nrog rau cov tshwm sim uas tus poj ntsuam tau txais kev cawmdim tshaj ib nrab ib lab rubles, thiab tej yam uas tau mus rau collections ntawm cov tib neeg thiab puas. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, los ua ke kev ncaj ncees tau raug nyom, thiab ntev-lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm Makovsky mus rau pieces.

zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm

Konstantin Makovsky, qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov duab, ntawv sau txog, uas twb tsis tau mus ua tus kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov kos duab, tshuav ib tug zoo kawg txojsia. Ntawm nws cov nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm yog: "Tus tuag Ivana Groznogo", "tsiab peb caug Boyar Morozova", "Bulgarian martyrs", "Minin nyob rau Nizhny Novgorod Fair", "tus nkauj nyab lub xaiv ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich."

Cov tus kheej lub neej ntawm cov artist

Konstantin Makovsky mus ntau heev, nyob rau tej lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Paris, peb mus ntsib mus rau teb chaws Africa, thiab tag nrho cov no enriched nws ua hauj lwm, qhov chaw uas koj yuav nrhiav tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nascent modernism. Rau nws artistic hauj lwm zoo Makovsky twb muab tsub lub Legion ntawm yawm thiab ntawm St. Anne.

Cov artist yuav txiv peb lub sij hawm. Nws thawj thawj tus poj niam tuag ntawm tuberculosis, thiab lub thib ob nws sib nrauj. Tag nrho cov nws muaj cuaj cov me nyuam, uas muaj cov ntxias thiab kev cai ua hauj lwm.

Cuaj hlis 30 Tshiab Style 1915 lub tsheb khob qhov rooj tus neeg - yog li khiav nws cov hoob kawm, Konstantin Makovsky. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub artist nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting raws li ib qho tseem ceeb page ntawm ua realism.