Nobel laureates ntawm Russia thiab USSR hauv physics, nyiaj txiag thiab ntaub ntawv

Nobel Prizes yog muab tsub txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv Stockholm (Sweden) thiab Oslo (Norway). Lawv suav hais tias yog feem ntau prestigious thoob ntiaj teb txeeb. Tsim lawv Alfred Nobel - lub Swedish inventor, linguist, tycoon, humanist thiab philosopher. Nws mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li lub inventor ntawm cov nplaum dynamite (uas yog patented nyob rau hauv 1867), ua si ib tug luag hauj lwm loj nyob rau hauv lub muaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv tso ua ke los ntawm Alfred Nobel ua tim khawv twb hais tias tag nrho nws cov nyiaj khaws tseg npaum li cas los cov nyiaj, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas - awarding prizes ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev tswj kom coj cov kev pab loj tshaj rau noob neej.

Lub Nobel nqi zog

Nqi zog muab hnub no nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Science News for KIDS, physics, tshuaj, ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd muab tus sib haum xeeb zog.

Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates rau cov ntaub ntawv, physics thiab economics yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Koj yuav tau paub nrog lawv cov ntawv sau txog, discoveries thiab achievements.

Nobel nqi yog high school. Nyob rau hauv 2010, nws loj yog kwv yees li $ 1.5 lab.

Lub Nobel Foundation twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1890.

Lavxias teb sab Nobel nqi zog Laureates

Peb lub teb chaws yuav ua tau txaus siab ntawm lub npe, qhuas nws nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm physics, ntaub ntawv thiab kev lag luam. Nobel nqi zog winners Russia thiab lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog raws li nram no:

• Bunin I. A. (ntaub ntawv) - 1933.
• Cherenkov P. A., Frank I. M. thiab Tamm I. E. (physics) - 1958.
• Pasternak BL (ntaub ntawv) - 1958.
• Landau L. D. (physics) - 1962.
• Basov N. G. thiab Prohorov A. M. (physics) - 1964.
• Sholohov M. A. (Literature) - 1965.
• Solzhenitsyn AI (ntaub ntawv) - 1970.
• Kantorovich L. V. (economics) - 1975.
• Kapitsa PL (physics) - 1978.
• Brodskiy I. A. (ntaub ntawv) - 1987.
• Alferov zh. I. (physics) - 2000.
• Abrikosov A. A. thiab Ginzburg, L. (physics) - 2003;
• Andre Geim thiab Novoselov Konstantin (physics) - 2010.

Daim ntawv teev cov hopefully yuav muaj mus ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej. Nobel nqi zog winners Russia thiab lub Soviet Union, lub npe uas peb hais saum toj no, tau hais tsis siab, tab sis tsuas nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw xws li physics, ntaub ntawv thiab kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb lub teb chaws cov thawj coj cim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab tej hlab ntshav, Science News for KIDS, thiab tau txais ob awards nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis rau lawv, peb mam li tham ib co lwm lub sij hawm dua.

Nobel laureates nyob rau hauv Physics

Muaj ntau physicists ntawm peb lub teb chaws tau muab qhov no prestigious puav pheej. Qhia rau peb paub ntxiv txog lawv tej.

Tamm Igor Evgenevich

Tamm Igor Evgenevich (1895-1971) tau yug los nyob rau hauv Vladivostok. Nws yog tus tub ntawm ib tug pej xeem engineer. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo, kuv yog nyob rau hauv Scotland nyob rau hauv lub University of Edinburgh, tab sis, ces rov qab los tsev thiab kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1918 los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics. Yav tom ntej tus paub txog mus rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, qhov uas nws tau txais kev pab raws li tus tij laug ntawm txoj kev hlub tshua. Nyob rau hauv 1933 nws defended nws doctoral thesis, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1934, los ua ib tug tshawb nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Physics. Lebedev. Qhov no paub txog twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm science, uas tau raug me ntsis kawm. Yog li ntawd, nws kawm relativistic (ie, txuam nrog tus naas ej xav ntawm Relativity, npaj Albertom Eynshteynom) quantum mechanics thiab cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub atomic nucleus. Nyob rau hauv nws lig 30s tswj ua ke nrog I. M. Frankom los piav cov nyhuv ntawm Cherenkov-Vavilov - xiav kua glow uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm gamma tawg. Nws yog rau cov kev tshawb fawb nws tom qab tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog. Tab sis lub Tamm nws lub ntsiab ua tau nyob rau hauv science xam tau tias yog ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm elementary hais thiab atomic nuclei.

Landau Lev Davidovich

Landau Lev Davidovich (1908-1968) tau yug los nyob rau hauv Baku. Nws txiv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug roj av engineer. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm tsug kaum peb lub xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab nrog honors, thiab nyob kaum cuaj, nyob rau hauv 1927, nws kawm tiav los ntawm Leningrad University. Lev Davidovich ntxiv nws kev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws raws li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau feemxyuam kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev Xev Commissar. Ntawm no nws koom nyob rau hauv seminars ua los ntawm ua European physicists - Paul Dirac thiab Max Born. Landau rau rov qab los tsev nws hais ntxiv hais nws cov kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv 26 lub xyoos, nws tau mus txog cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kws kho mob ntawm Science, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug xib fwb. Ua ke nrog Lifshitsem Evgeniem Mihaylovichem, ib tug ntawm nws cov tub kawm, nws tsim ib chav kawm rau kawm kom tiav thiab kawm plaub xyoos nyob rau hauv theoretical physics. P. L. Kapitsa caw Lva Davidovicha mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub koom haum, tab sis ib tug ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd tus paub txog nyob rau hauv 1937 nyob rau hauv ib tug cuav denunciation puas tau raug ntes. Rau ib tug tag nrho lub xyoo nws twb tsis muaj kev cia siab yog nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, thiab tsuas yog siv rau Stalin Kapitsa rua lub neej ntawm nws lub neej: Landau twb tso tawm.

Cov txuj ci ntawm tus paub txog yog multifaceted. Nws piav lub phenomenon ntawm fluidity ntawm cov kua Helium, nws tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm quantum kua thiab kawm oscillations ntawm electron ntshav.

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich thiab Basov Nikolay Gennadevich, Lavxias teb sab Nobel nqi zog winners nyob rau hauv lub sciences ntawm physics, tau txais no prestigious puav pheej rau lub invention ntawm lub laser.

Prokhorov yug nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia nyob rau hauv 1916, qhov chaw uas nws niam nws txiv tau ua lub neej txij li thaum 1911. Lawv exiled Siberia los ntawm cov tsarist tsoom fwv, thiab ces khiav txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1923, lub tsev neeg rov qab mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Alexander kawm tiav nrog rau honors los ntawm lub Physics Department of Leningrad University thiab ua hauj lwm txij li thaum 1939 nyob rau hauv lub koom haum. Lebedev. Nws scientific tau muaj feem xyuam rau lub xov tooj cua physics. Tus kws tshawb fawb twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1950 thiab xov tooj cua-zaus spectroscopy nyob rau hauv nrog Basovym Nikolaem Gennadevichem tsim lub thiaj li hu ua masers - molecular oscillators. Tsaug rau no invention, tau pom ib txoj kev los ua ib tug concentrated xov tooj cua tsis. Tej kev tshawb fawb, tsis hais ntawm lawv cov Soviet lug txhawb cov miv ua thiab Charlz Tauns, ib tug American physicist, li ntawd, mej zeej ntawm pawg txiav txim siab los qhia qhov no puav pheej ntawm nws thiab lub Soviet zaum.

Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich

Daim ntawv mus rau "Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates nyob rau hauv physics". Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich (1894-1984) tau yug los nyob rau hauv Kronstadt. Nws txiv yog ib tug tub rog txiv neej, Lieutenant-General, thiab nws niam - collector ntawm lus dab neeg thiab renowned xib fwb. PL Kapitsa nyob rau hauv 1918 kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws kawm nyob rau hauv Ioffe Abrama Fedorovicha, ib tug zoo heev physicist. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm civil tsov rog thiab kev kiv puag ncig nws twb tsis tau ua kev kawm. Kapitsa tus poj niam thiab nws ob tug me nyuam tuag thaum lub sij hawm ib tug typhus phaum mob. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsiv mus rau ces nyob rau hauv 1921. Ntawm no nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Cambridge University Center thiab nws cov scientific advisor yog Ernest Rutherford, tus naas ej physicist. Nyob rau hauv 1923, Peter Leonidovich los ua ib tug kws kho mob ntawm sciences, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Trinity College - privileged koom haum ntawm kws tshawb fawb.

Pyotr Leonidovich ua hauj lwm mas nyob rau hauv kev sim physics. Tshwj xeeb yog xav cryogenics. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub UK nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Rutherford Laboratory ua tau, thiab los ntawm 1934, tus paub txog tau tsim ib lub installation rau lub liquefaction ntawm Helium. Petr Leonidovich nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv tsev, thiab thaum lub sij hawm mus ntsib mus rau lub Soviet coj noj coj ua kom koj yaum tau ib tus paub txog rau nyob twj ywm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930-1934 txawm qhia tshwj xeeb uas ua laboratory nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws rau nws. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws cia li tsis tau tso tawm los ntawm lub Soviet Union thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej no mus xyuas. Yog li ntawd Kapitsa txuas ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb twb nyob ntawm no, thiab nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv 1938 mus qhib lub phenomenon ntawm superfluidity. No nyob rau hauv 1978 nws twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog.

Andre Geim thiab Novoselov Konstantin

Andre Geim thiab Novoselov Konstantin, Lavxias teb sab Nobel nqi zog winners nyob rau hauv physics, tau txais no mus saib xyuas cov puav pheej nyob rau hauv 2010 rau nws foundations ntawm graphene. Qhov no yog ib tug tshiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tso cai rau koj mus zoo heev ua rau kom cov kev ceev ntawm lub internet tej hauj lwm. Raws li nws muab tawm, nws muaj peev xwm ntes thiab hloov mus rau hluav taws xob lub zog tus nqi ntawm lub teeb 20 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj tej yav tas los hu cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no discovery yog sau hnub tim 2004. Yog li ntawd nws twb topped daim ntawv teev cov "Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st."

Nqi zog rau Literature

Peb lub teb chaws tau yeej ib txwm tau nto moo rau nws artistic creativity. Cov neeg uas muaj tej zaum tawm tsam tswv yim thiab views - Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, A. I. Solzhenitsyn thiab I. A. Bunin tau txwv mus rau Soviet regime. Tab sis M. A. Sholohov twb paub raws li ib tug staunch communist. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov winners ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog ntawm Guj kuj tau koom los ntawm ib tug - txuj ci. Rau nws, lawv twb sam xeeb nrog no prestigious puav pheej. "Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam Nobel nqi zog winners rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia?" - koj nug. Teb: muaj tsuas yog tsib. Tam sim no peb qhia koj mus rau ib co ntawm lawv.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960) tau yug los nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm Leonida Osipovicha Pasternaka, ib tug naas ej artist. Leej niam ntawm tus yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv Rosalia Isidorovna, yog ib tug txawj ntse pianist. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim li cas Boris Leonidovich raws li ib tug me nyuam ua npau suav ntawm lub composer cov hom hauj lwm, nws txawm kawm suab seev hauv lub heev Skryabina A. N. Tab sis txoj kev hlub ntawm paj huam yeej. Boris Leonidovich koob meej coj paj huam thiab tus tshiab "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago", mob siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia, tau txiav txim tias nws mus rau lub teb cog txiv. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg kho ntawm cov zajlus magazine, uas tus sau muaj nws sau, cov ua hauj lwm yog suav tias yog anti-Soviet thiab tsis kam mus rau luam tawm nws. Ces Boris Leonidovich muab nws creation txawv teb chaws, nyob rau hauv ltalis, qhov uas nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1957. Soviet lug txhawb cov miv fact ntawm daim ntawv uas tus tshiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob roundly txim, thiab Boris Leonidovich tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub Writers 'Union. Tab sis qhov no tshiab ua rau nws ib tug Nobel nqi zog khiav. Txij li thaum 1946, tus kws ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug nominated rau tus nqi zog no, tab sis muab nws tsuas nyob rau hauv 1958.

Lub awarding ntawm no prestigious puav pheej rau qhov no, raws li muaj ntau yam, cov khoom ntawm anti-Soviet teb muaj outraged tub ceev xwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, BL raug teeb meem nrog ntiab tawm ntawm lub Soviet Union tau yuam kom tawm ntawm tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog. Tsuas yog tom qab 30 xyoo Evgeny, tus tub ntawm tus poj txawj sau ntawv, nws txiv tau txais ib tug puav pheej thiab daim ntawv kawm tiav.

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich

Txoj hmoo ntawm Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha yog tsis muaj tsawg txaus ntshai thiab nthuav. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1918 nyob rau hauv Kislovodsk, thiab thaum yau thiab thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej Nobel laureate coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Rostov-on-Don thiab Novocherkassk. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab Lej ntawm Rostov University Aleksandr Isaevich yog ib tug xib fwb thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv absentia twb kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow, thaum lub Literary lub koom haum. Tom qab pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, lub neej yav tom ntej khiav ntawm cov feem ntau prestigious kev sib haum xeeb nqi zog mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Solzhenitsyn, ua ntej tsov rog, raug ntes. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog nws thuam ntawm Iosifa Stalina chaw nyob muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv ntawm cov tub rog censorship. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1953, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Iosifa Vissarionovicha, nws twb tso tawm. Lub magazine "New World" nyob rau hauv 1962 luam tawm thawj phau ntawv los no cov sau cai "Muaj ib hnub Ivana Denisovicha", uas qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub camp. Literary cov phau ntawv Magazine feem ntau ntawm cov nram qab no tej hauj lwm ntawm Solzhenitsyn sau tsis kam. Yog vim li cas hu xov tooj rau lawv anti-Soviet orientation. Tab sis Aleksandr Isaevich tsis muab li. Nws, zoo li Pasternak xa txawv teb chaws nws thaud, qhov chaw uas lawv tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1970, lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Literature twb muab tsub rau nws. Thaum cov puav pheej ceremony nyob rau hauv Stockholm txawj sau ntawv kuv tsis mus, vim hais tias cov Soviet cov tub ceev xwm tias nws twb tsis tau tso cai rau tawm hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog tsis tau tso cai, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Nobel Committee, yog yuav mus muab lub nqi zog khiav nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw.

Nrog kev xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv 1974 nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub teb chaws. Thaum xub thawj nws nyob rau hauv Switzerland, ces tsiv mus rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas qhov twg nws yog thiab muab lig heev Nobel nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, nws twb luam tawm nws tej hauj lwm yog hu ua "Archipelago gulag" "Cov nqe lus xub thawj," "Cancer Ward." Solzhenitsyn nyob rau hauv 1994 nws rov qab mus rau Russia.

Cov no yog cov Nobel laureates Russia. Daim ntawv teev cov complemented los ntawm lwm lub npe, uas yuav tsis tsis hais.

Sholohov Mihail Aleksandrovich

Peb yuav qhia rau koj txog ib yam ntawm cov poj Patriotic sau ntawv - Sholohove Mihaile Aleksandroviche. Nws txoj hmoo yog txawv dua li cov tw ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv (Pasternak thiab Solzhenitsyn), vim hais tias nws txhawb lub xeev. Mikhail Alexandrovich (1905-1980) tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub Don. Nws piav ces Veshenskaia, nws me me teb koj chaw, nyob rau hauv ntau tej hauj lwm. Mikhail Sholokhov tas xwb 4 lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub civil tsov rog uas coj mus rau xaiv grain surpluses los ntawm muaj myiaj Cossacks suborder. Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv twb nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas paub tias nws txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau xyoo 1922 nws tuaj mus rau Moscow, thiab ib tug ob peb lub hlis tom qab pib mus rau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm lawv cov thawj dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1926, muaj collections ntawm "azure steppe" thiab "Don dab neeg". Nyob rau hauv 1925 nws pib ua hauj lwm rau tus tshiab "Thiab nyob ntsiag to ntws lub Don", nplooj siab mus rau lub neej ntawm cov Cossacks nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm (Civil War, kiv puag ncig, Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog kuv). Nyob rau hauv 1928 nws tuaj mus rau lub teeb lub thawj ib feem ntawm no ua hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 30s nws tau ua tiav thiab los ua rau sab saum toj tswv yim Sholokhov. Nyob rau hauv 1965, tus kws muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Literature.

Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates nyob rau hauv Economics

Peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv daim teb no muaj pov thawj yuav tsis loj raws li nyob rau ntaub ntawv thiab physics, qhov twg muaj ib tug ntau ntawm Lavxias teb sab laureates. Nqis nyob rau hauv kev lag luam yog tseem tsuas yog cia li ib tug ntawm peb cov compatriot. Qhia rau peb txog nws.

Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich

Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates nyob rau hauv kev lag luam yog sawv cev los ntawm tsuas yog ib lub npe. Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich (1912-1986) yog ib lub xwb economist ntawm Russia yuav tsum tau muab qhov no nqi zog. Nws yug los paub txog nyob rau hauv tus kws khomob lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws niam nws txiv thaum lub sij hawm lub civil tsov rog, khiav mus Belarus, qhov uas nws siv ib lub xyoo. Vitaly Kantorowicz, Kantorovich txiv tuag nyob rau hauv 1922. Nyob rau hauv 1926, lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog nkag mus hauv lub aforementioned Leningrad University, qhov uas nws kawm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntuj sciences, kawm keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kev ua lej. Kws qhia ntawv ntawm lej thiab nws kawm tiav ntawm 18 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv 1930. Tom qab ntawd Kantorovich tseem nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv. Nyob rau 22, Leonid V. ua ib tug xib fwb, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd - thiab tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv 1938 nws tau teem tseg rau lub lab kws pab tswv yim plywood Hoobkas, qhov twg neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim txawv kev pab qee txoj kev ua kom cov kev ua tau zoo twb staged nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd nws twb nrhiav tau lub casting txoj kev programming. Nyob rau hauv 1960 tus paub txog tsiv mus rau Novosibirsk, qhov twg hauv lub sij hawm uas lub computer center raug tsim, lub feem ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Ntawm no nws hais ntxiv hais nws cov kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk paub txog nyob kom txog rau thaum 1971. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws twb muab tsub lub Lenin nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv 1975 nws tau muab, ua ke nrog T. Koopmans Nobel nqi zog, uas nws tau txais rau nws txoj kev koom tes rau txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm kev pab nyiaj.

Cov no yog cov ntsiab Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates. 2014 twb cim los ntawm tau txais no nqi zog Patrick Modiano (ntaub ntawv), Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura (physics). Zhan Tirol tau txais qhov puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev lag luam. Co muaj Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates. 2013 kuj coj no prestigious puav pheej rau peb cov compatriots. Tag nrho cov winners tau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm lub xeev.