Paintings Makovsky: cas, yees duab

Ntxias uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Travelling Art Miv - "loj leeb" - tshuav ib tug kaj cim tseg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm lub xeem feem peb ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo. Qhov no yog ib tug heev Lavxias teb sab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab, raws li nws cov ntsiab feature ua inseparable kev sib nrig sib artistic thiab kev lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky tuaj koom lub loj leeb nyob rau hauv 1972, ob lub xyoos tom qab nws tsim, thiab nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tshaj cum koom. Makovsky lub painting enjoyed enormous xim thoob plaws hauv lub heyday ntawm no kos duab zog.

biography

Nws yog ib tug ntawm peb tug tub Egora Ivanovicha Makovskogo - koj artistic daim duab nyob rau hauv Moscow, collector, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm tus naas ej Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting, puab thiab Architecture. Ob kwv tij - Constantine thiab Nicholas - raws li tus muam ntawm Alexander ua painters, thiab cov viv ncaus - Maria - ib tug singer. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, ib tug ntawm cov xib fwb yog tus naas ej Vladimir Vasily Tropinin.

Lub earliest paintings Makovsky, pib nrog ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes "me nyuam tub muag kvas" (1861), daim ntawv sau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15, tsom nws kuj zoo kawg muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tsom kwm lub neej nyob ib ncig ntawm nws cov txheej xwm thiab tso lawv mus rau lub canvas. Nyob rau hauv 1861 nws nkag mus hauv lub MUZHVZ - tsev kawm ntawv, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm uas yog nws tus txiv. Nws kawm tiav nrog rau ib tug silver puav pheej, muab rau cov painting "Literary nyeem ntawv" (1865).

Muaj ntau paintings Makovsky ua milestones nyob rau hauv nws muaj tswv yim thiab kev loj hlob. Rau cov painting "Neeg pluag cov tub hluas zov tus nees" (1869), nws tau txais lub npe ntawm cov "cov chav kawm ntawv artist ntawm cov thawj degree," thiab cov "Neeg nyiam heev ntawm nightingales" (1973) tau nce mus rau lub Academy ntawm Painting.

Ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus tswv qhia ua ub no. 12 xyoo nws tau qhia nyob rau ntawm lub MUZHVZ - los ntawm 1882 mus 1894, thiab tom ntej no 24 xyoo - nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, ua nyob rau hauv 1895 lub rector ntawm lub dua tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Art hauv lub Academy of Arts.

Nto moo artist tuag nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1920 nyob rau hauv Petrograd.

"Ua si Grandma" (1870)

Cov artist sib yuav thaum ntxov, thiab nyob rau hauv 1869 nws tau los ua tus thawj tub, uas tom qab ua kuj yog ib tug artist - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir E., nws cov duab twb muaj ib cov hom ntawv nyeem ntseeg, txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim rau cov me nyuam lub ntsiab. Cov tso nws paintings nrag, uas yog thawj tug yuav los ntawm nto moo collector Pavlom Mihaylovichem Tretyakovym. Nws tau ua ib lub cim rau Makovsky kawg paub raws li ib tug neeg pleev kob.

Neeg pluag cov me nyuam ua si nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau mus siv cuag kev ua si rau lawv. Nws yuav siv lub pog - lub me me pob txha ntawm lub cev pob txha tsiaj - nyuj los yog npua. No sib txeeb nyob rau hauv cov neeg: cov pob zeb, uas tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb jam (pog, qhov hnyav nrog cov hlau lead), lub caij nplooj zeeg prey rau cov neeg uas ua ntawv.

... Tam sim no lub loj tshaj plaws rau lawv - ib tug ua si uas lawv muab rau tag nrho cov mob siab rau. Ib tug zaum, ywm lawm suav, thiab lwm yam ua tib zoo tos tom ntej no muab. Makovsky, uas nws paintings yog distinguished meticulousness nyob rau hauv tsev neeg kom paub meej, yog thiab puas siab puas ntsws nuances. Tag nrho cov kev ua si muaj nws li cas, nws ua cim. General - maj lom zem thiab zoo, txawm rhuav tshem tsis tau ris tsho cov neeg txom nyem thiab Dilapidated puag ncig thaj tsam.

Early paintings Makovsky distinguishes ntev mloog kom meej, tej zaum kuj tsis pub ib tug holistic xaav. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov neeg pleev nws tus txhuam hniav yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, thiab lub palette yuav muaj ntau cov khoom, yog li tsis txhob ib co variegation xam qhovkev, nyob rau hauv particular, peb tau soj ntsuam hauv daim duab.

"Neeg nyiam heev ntawm Nightingales" (1873)

Qhov no painting sawv cev lub Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tso rau neeg pom nyob rau hauv Vienna, qhov uas nws tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Sab nraum lub qhov rais twb hnov lub nightingale warble, thiab peb peasants tau hnov, interrupting nws nemudrenyh tsiab peb caug. Ib tug, sawv, sawv, saib lub qhov rais, sim mus nrhiav me me Birdie. Ob, kom meej meej qaug dej qaug cawv ntau ntawm nws buddies, cwj nrag xibtes suav lilt nightingale song. Peb, feem ntau ntau yam pauv loj, mloog thoughtfully Plucking nws cov hwj txwv. Ntawm no, txhua yam yog tag nrho ntawm lub neej thiab suab: lub teeb ntawm lub qhov rais, poses thiab gestures ntawm lub cim, ib tug kub lauj kaub-bellied samovar, ib tug yooj yim tab sis "cua" pleev xim rau tseem lub neej.

Paub xyuas txog cov duab no kuj zoo kawg thiab Dostoevsky, qhuas cov ntsaws daim duab ntawm lub zoo thiab cov xim ntawm cov txiv neej, uas twb tsis tsuas Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj cov tib neeg teev.

"Condemned" (1879)

Maj mam, cov artist kawm poob lawm paintings xam qhovkev kev lom zem thiab ironic cwj pwm mus rau lub cim. Fabrics tau lub yeebyam thiab ambiguity. Cov no yog cov ib tug ob peb kev xaiv rau ib tug painting depicting commoners uas muaj npaum li cas hauv txoj kev ntawm revolutionary nriaj, thiab tus cwj pwm rau tej nuj nqis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv strata ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg.

Ib tug tub hluas armed escort tuskheej los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Thaum lub tawm cia siab tias nws cov txheeb ze, xws li nws niam, leej txiv, ib tug hluas nkauj thiab ib tug laus tug txiv neej. Thaj, lub protagonist ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub peasants los yog lub nroog cov neeg pluag. Nws niam tais ntsuab thiab nws tus txiv muaj ntau vam meej hauv chav kawm ntawv. Cov artist tsis qhia khees muaj pluaj siab zoo rau txim, tsis pom pab koj tu siab rau nws thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws coj nws ze ib tug raug kev txom nyem - leej niam clasped nws ob txhais tes imploringly, ntuas nws tus tub, leej txiv quaj inconsolably.

Thiab nws tsis zoo revolutionary inflexible hero martyr rau cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws saib - perplexity thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov correctness. Makovsky, uas nws paintings - tseeb rog xav txog ntawm prevailing cwj pwm nyob hauv zej zog, qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus kev ntawm tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov uas twb muaj lawm kev txiav txim, uas resorted radical ob tog thiab taw zoo xws li cov "Narodnaya Volya".

"Rendezvous" (1883)

Cov me nyuam - ib lub npe rau uas nws ua hauj lwm feem ntau Makovsky. Vladimir E., nws thawj daim duab - ib tug rog xav txog ntawm cov me nyuam yaus, admiring pib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub neej nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej hais txog sib txawv, feem ntau txaus ntshai thaum yau sab nyob rau hauv kev kawm Russia.

"Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no" nws tau ua rau muab cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag tsev neeg. Tus me nyuam feem ntau ua powerless tub qhe los yog apprentice loaded overwork. Tau txais los ntawm tus tswv tsev tus tu siab heev sustenance thiab chaw nyob txhawj, cov me nyuam cease yuav ib lub nra rau cov tsev neeg, poob ib tsev neeg cosiness thiab thaum ntxov maturing. Qhov no txoj kev yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho thiab paub cov neeg pluag tsev neeg uas tau muab cov me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub nroog.

Nws yog hais txog ib tug me nyuam txoj hmoo qhia Makovsky. Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov nplooj ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hom ntaub khov heev cia li ob cim. Ib tug neeg pluag poj niam tau tuaj ib tug ntev txoj kev nrog ib tug me ntsis pob caus thiab lo nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Nws coj nws tus tub loaf los thov ua koj tus me nyuam. Poj niam nrog hlub saib cov barefoot me nyuam tub, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tug qias neeg sev - obviously, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib co khw thiab tau txais ib tug ob peb feeb ntawm dawb lub sij hawm rau ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog nws niam.

Painting style ntawm cov artist, dhau lawm, tau hloov - tsis muaj ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab ua tib zoo xis teb xis chaw kom paub meej, distracting thiab crushing duab. Duab ntxoov ntxoo xim tsis yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm kev zoo siab momentary hnub, thiab mob mus ob peb vas displaying poob thaum yau.

"Nyob rau hauv Boulevard" (1886)

Makovsky yog feem ntau hais tias tus pov tseg ntawm cov artist xwb ib ob peb feeb, uas koj muaj lub sij hawm los qhia rau koj li cas cov txawj sau ntawv tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm ntau nplooj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1880, tus tswv tau mus txog lub siab tshaj plaws kev txawj nyob rau hauv tej yam no paintings, cov dabneeg luv luv. Ib tug ntawm cov peaks thiab kos duab rau ntawm painting, thiab cov ntsiab lus yog cov painting "Nyob rau hauv Boulevard." Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, paintings V. E. Makovskogo muaj tsuas yog ob tug cim, tab sis kuj lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv-tob tsom xam ntawm cov kev sib raug teeb meem ntawm loj proportions.

Ua ntej peb yog ib tug me me zaj dab neeg txog ib tug ua txoj tawg nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug hluas tsev neeg. Nws nkawd hais tias lawv tuaj los ntawm ib lub zos nyob qhov twg npaj tau los mus nyob zoo li koj niam koj txiv, nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam ua hauj lwm thiab yeej ntawm lub neeg pluag txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Tab sis nws tus txiv twb twv mus rau lub nroog mus ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab, "zoo nkauj" thiab nthuav lub neej. Thiab tom qab uas tej lub sij hawm nws tus poj niam tuaj xyuas nws tus txiv. Tam sim no lawv yog pej kum neeg. Nws muaj kev tswj kom tsau li tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub nroog - ua tib zoo saib cov tsos, nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug me me accordion - nws yog ib qhov tseeb hais tias nws hlub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub nroog lub neej.

Nws yog heev cov tub ntxhais, tab sis twb paub hais tias nws yeej yuav tau txais nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, qhov twg nws pom tag nrho cov hopelessness. Los ntawm no Vladimir Makovsky thiab nqus pa tu siab, nws yog ib yam ntawm cov zaub thiab cov private ua yeeb yam ntawm ob cov tub ntxhais cov neeg, hab qha tau lub scale ntawm lub teb chaws muaj teeb meem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub niaj zaus txoj kev ntawm lub neej, uas twb ua dhau ib tiam thiab yog tam sim no puas nrog txoj kev loj hlob uas muaj chaw zov me nyuam.

cuab yeej cuab tam

Vladimir E. Muaj yog ib tug zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm zoo thiab muaj tswv yim fecundity. Cov tshwm sim ntawm nws ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ua ib txoj encyclopedia ntawm cov feem ntau cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub neej nyob rau lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua. Nws hais rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntau thiab tsawg pab - los ntawm txhua hnub scenes rau loj nom tswv txiav txim - thiab siv lawv tiag artistic kev txawj ntse.

Historians domestic art ntawv uas kawg ntawm lub neej V. Makovsky los ua ib tug supporter ntawm qhov ntau conservative views on txoj kev loj hlob ntawm painting, ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshiab cov ntxhais thiab txhais tau tias kev qhia. Tab sis lub scale ntawm no daim duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab los ntawm qhov no tsis ua me me thiab.