Replication - ib tug doubling: ib tug cell los ntawm ib tug cell

Doubling lub tsim ntawm ob tug zoo tib cov ntawv luam - ib tug tshwm sim heev li qub nyob rau hauv lom systems. Feem ntau qhov no doubling yog hu ua replication. Cov yav tas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau txawv muaj ntau seem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem - ncaj qha los ntawm DNA rau chromosomes thiab tag nrho lub hlwb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog hais tias tus txheej txheem mus ntseeg nkaws, tau ob tug zoo tib units. Replication - ib tug doubling ntawm qhov tam sim no hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Yuav ua li cas raws nraim nowhere

Cov feem nthuav thiab lub hauv paus rau tag nrho lwm cov hom yog pom tias yuav DNA replication. Nws yog ib tug txheej txheem uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tshaj ob peb theem, txhua tus uas yog cov neeg tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias cov inaccuracy ua lub synthesis ntawm kiag li kev protein unsuitable rau siv nyob rau hauv lub cell thiab nyob rau hauv tus kab mob raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Lub starting taw tes

Replication pib nrog cell doubling DNA, uas muaj lub txim ntawm kev doubling chromosomes. Tab sis replication - yog lub pobzeb ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Nws muaj peb theem: firstly, qhov pib, ob, elongation, thiab thirdly, txiav. Cov ua hauj lwm yuav pib nrog lub enzyme tseem ceeb heev cov ntsiab lus - replicators thiab tsuas yog nrog lawv. Pib nyob rau hauv lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm qhov chaw yuav distort tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Lub enzyme-catalyst activates kev proteins uas tsim lub pre-replication complex yuav tsum tau rau DNA doubling. Ua ntej lub npaug ntawm DNA yog txiav mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw los ntawm kev enzymes.

Lub complementary saw

Thaum lub elongation ntawm lub matrix lub tsev complementary niam txiv saw. Uas yog, yog ib tug uas muaj peev xwm ces tsim ib tug ua tiav qauv. Cov txheej txheem xaus nrog ib tug txiav uas tseem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam taw tes. Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev - lub replicon. Qhov no yog qhov DNA fragment uas ua li lub sij hawm. DNA replication - lub hauv paus, tsis muaj nws yuav tsis tau replicated chromosomes. Cov yav tas muaj tshwm sim thaum ib tug cell npaj mus rau faib.

Protein raws li ib tug kos npe rau

Nws pib chromosome doubling nyob rau hauv ib ob peb teev tom qab nws tau tshwm sim DNA doubling. Yuav kom tsim kho lub chromosome, peb yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas tshiab poob lawm ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid, tab sis kuj cov nqaijrog uas yog ib feem ntawm lub chromosome apparatus, thiab lawv synthesis yuav tsum tau lub sij hawm. Fast replication - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm cancer. Yog hais tias nws no heev npaum li cas protein, cov yam ntxwv ntawm khaus cell division, tus kws kho mob pib sound lub tswb.

qhov chaw txaus

Muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm replication yog ib tug zoo feature - nyob rau hauv lub noob pob kws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm synthesis ntawm tshiab DNA yog haum tusyees, li ntawd, yog tsis muaj distortion, uas yuav ntxias ib tug kev sib nrig sib cawv. Kuj muaj ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus, feem ntau yog ib tug ib nrab rau ob lub kaum os.

Yuav ua li cas raws nraim yuav ncaav chromosomes nws nyob rau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cell mitosis los yog meiosis. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub resulting cell yuav li ib txwm txheej, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ib nrab. Tom qab tag nrho, lwm tus ib nrab yuav coj ib tug cell ntawm lub thib ob khub nyob rau hauv lub sib deev tu tub tu kiv. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv meiosis mam li nco dheev tau ib tug ua tiav set, gamete los yog yuav unsustainable, los yog yuav cov conception ntawm ib tug me nyuam mob. Txawm li cas los, cov me nyuam tseem yog yug los ntau zaus tshaj tsis, muaj yog ib tug nchuav menyuam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov cev xeeb tub, cov niam uas muaj peev xwm tshaj txhua hli ovulation los yog los ntshav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog.