cell organelles yog tas mus li lug uas muab kev tso cai rau ua tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev - txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, division thiab lej khu, thiab lwm yam Eukariticheskie (nuclear) hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj muaj ib tug zoo qauv thiab yog yuav luag tib yam txheej organelles thiab prokaryotic (non-nuclear) hlwb yog ib tug txheej thaum ub qauv thiab tsis muaj ntau ntawm cov organelles.
Cell organelles, nyob ntawm seb lub xub ntiag ntawm daim nyias nyias yam, thiab muab faib mus rau hauv uas tsis yog-daim nyias nyias mebrannye. Rau uas tsis yog-daim nyias nyias organelles xws li ribosomes thiab centrioles thiab organelle zog (microtubules thiab microfilaments). Ribosomes yog npawv los yog elongated lub cev, muaj raws ntawm ob units - loj thiab me me. Uniting ua ke, tsim ib tug ribosome polysomes. Qhov no organelle yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotic hlwb thiab eukaryotic. Ribosomes ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm, txij li thaum lawv yog sau los ntawm cov amino acid proteins. Centrioles - hollow thooj voos kheej kheej, uas muaj xws li triplets thiab microtubules. Centrioles rau cell chaw, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cell division. Organelles tsab ntawv tsa suab yog hollow hlab los yog filaments uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv free daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm los yog yuav tau ib feem ntawm cov flagella, cilia ntxaiv.
Membranous organelles hlwb raug muab faib mus rau hauv ib thiab dvumembrannye. los ntawm odnomembrannym muaj xws li: EPS (endoplasmic membrane), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles (pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab ib leeg-celled tsiaj).
Endoplasmic reticulum - ib tug uas nws kim heev network ntawm canals thiab kab noj hniav uas ris tag nrho ntawm tes. Faib mus rau hauv tus thiab ntxhib. Du EPS muaj enzymes uas koom nyob rau hauv carbohydrate thiab muaj roj metabolism. Rough EPS yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv protein synthesis, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim thereto ribosomes.
Apparatus (complex) Golgi yog stacked kab noj hniav uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub EPS. Nws yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov metabolism hauv thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lysosomes.
Lysosomes - me me sib npaug plab hlaub sau enzyme uas yog tau muab siab npuab lub "tawg" organelles thiab tag nrho lub hlwb, yog tias tsim nyog. Nws muaj ib tug tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi.
Dvumembrannye cell organelles - mitochondria thiab plastids yog cim rau cov nroj tsuag. Lawv feature - tus xub ntiag ntawm ob week, cov txheej thiab puab. Cov txheej (lwm) ua pauv daim nyias nyias muaj nuj nqi thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov organelles hlwb nrog lwm yam, thiab lub puab membrane ntaub ntawv folds, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog lawm ua tus sau nrog matrix - cov kua tshuaj. Internal folds yog hu ua cristae ntawm mitochondria thiab plastids -hloroplastov - grana. Cov hlwb organelles muaj RNA thiab DNA. Mitochondria ua ke ATP, uas tom qab ua hauj lwm pab raws li qhov chaw energii.Funktsiya plastids yuav nyob ntawm seb lawv cov xim - tsis muaj kob (los yog leucoplasts) stockpile carbohydrates, nyob rau hauv particular cov hmoov txhuv nplej; daj, txiv kab ntxwv, liab (los yog chromoplasts) - muab cov xim ntawm cov paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo; ntsuab chloroplasts - muab cov synthesis ntawm ATP, thiab carbohydrates.
Basic cell organelle, ib tug yog cov noj ntawm lub cytoplasm thiab daim nyias nyias tsim muaj ib zaug xwb ib system.