Tib neeg cov ntshav pawg

Ntshav Group neeg tau pib kawm nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Immunology seem. Qhov no tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, nws yuav yooj yim sua kom ib tug ntshav rua lub neej ntawm ntau yam. Tsis tas li ntawd cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov ntshav pawg lug siv nyob rau hauv kev phais, Obstetrics thiab Gynecology, forensic tshuaj thiab noob caj noob ces. Paub txog cov txim hluav taws xob izoantigenov xav txog thaum hloov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob.

Tib neeg cov ntshav pawg - cov no yog cov cim ntawm cov ntshav, uas yog dhau los ntawm cov niam txiv rau cov me nyuam. Txhua muaj ib tug cim txheej ntawm pab pawg neeg antigens uas txhais cov ntaub ntawv pas. Cov teeb no ntawm tej yam no hu ua izoantigenami.

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lawv tib neeg cov ntshav yog muab faib ua tej pawg neeg, thiab tsis yog nyob ntawm seb haiv neeg, uas nws belongs los yog ntawm lub hnub nyoog, los yog los ntawm hauv pem teb. Nws pib coj zoo lawm thaum pib ntawm lub embryonic lub sij hawm thiab thoob plaws hauv lub neej tseem unchanged. neeg cov ntshav pab pawg neeg - nws yog nws ib tug neeg lom feature.

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov kws kho mob yog feem ntau tseem ceeb izoantigeny ntshav liab A thiab B. Nws yog tseem coj mus rau hauv tus account izoantitela ib tug thiab ß, tej zaum muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav ntshiab. Tib mus txiav txim ntawm cov ntshav izoantigenov izoantitel thiab teej tug mus rau tib lub hom (e.g., ß thiab B) ua rau agglutination ntawm cov ntshav liab thiab yog incompatible nrog lub neej. Yog li ntawd ua ke yuav tsum tsuas yog txawv tshuaj (e.g., A + ß).

neeg cov ntshav pawg raug muab faib ua plaub, nyob ntawm seb dab tsi izoantigeny thiab izoantitela nws muaj. Lawv denoted los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tus xov tooj: - nyob rau hauv thawj pab pawg neeg tsuas muaj izoantitela ib tug thiab ß - 0aß; - lub thib ob pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li izoantigen A thiab izoantitelo ß - lub nroog Yeiuxalees; - peb pawg muaj izoantigen B thiab izoantitelo ib tug - kav ywm; - plaub pab pawg neeg nws muaj tsuas izoantigeny A thiab B - AB0.

Nyob rau compatibility ntawm cov ntshav pawg neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kuaj los yog kev tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug izoantitel txwv izoantigenov nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm lwm tus. Qhov no pub rau ntshav. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov ntshav uas muaj feem rau cov tib pab pawg.

Nws tshwm sim hais tias dhau li ntawm izoantitel tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib txwm tib neeg cov ntshav, nws izoantitela poob sab nraum, uas cov ntshav pab pawg neeg incompatibility tshwm sim. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim thaum cov khoom xyaw ntshav ntshav (ntshav, leukocytes, cov ntshav liab) tag nrho cov ntshav; thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, thaum lub me nyuam hauv plab ntshav pab pawg neeg incompatible nrog leej niam cov ntshav pab pawg neeg; tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm ib co tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab sera rau kev kho mob.

Tom qab thawj lub hli ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub plab, lub embryo muaj peev xwm twb muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab izoantigeny. Lawv tus xov tooj yog ua thiab nce mus txog ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub xyoo ntawm lub neej. Tom qab ntawd, theem tsis hloov thiab tsuas yog rau cov laus pib tsis kam. Nws tsis hloov thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tus neeg thiab rau tag nrho cov txheej izoantigenov ntshav. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis muaj feem xyuam tej yav dhau los mob, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj, lom yam.

Tsis pub tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum muaj kev txiav txim muaj los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm lub erythrocyte v antigen system - v-qhov zoo tshaj. Nyob rau qhov no vim, cov neeg no muab faib arbitrarily rau hauv v-tsis zoo thiab v-zoo. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias 15% ntawm cov pejxeem tsis muaj v-qhov zoo tshaj, thiab 85% ntawm nws yog tsis muaj. Yog hais tias lub expectant niam tsis muaj v-qhov zoo tshaj, thiab lub fetus tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv antigen v-zoo, cov tshuaj yog ua rau nws. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntshav liab ntawm tus me nyuam, yuav ua rau lawv puas tsuaj (hemolysis).

Txiav txim seb tib neeg cov ntshav, siv tus qauv ntshiab. Lub erythrocytes li nrhiav izoantigeny. Piv txwv li, los mus txiav txim cov ntshav pab pawg neeg 4, dawb phaj yog muab tso rau moistened erythrocytes thiab txheem ntshiab yog sab laug ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ces cai rau agglutination cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum ib tug zoo lus teb izoantitela ntshiab yuav tsum muab cov ntshav liab thiab tig lawv mus rau hauv me me liab noob. Thaum backlash muaj kev hloov yog tsis tuaj kiag li. Lest kev ua yuam kev rau txhua pab pawg neeg muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ob tug qauv.