Tus thawj dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow

Yog vim li cas Moscow yog hu ua tus dawb pob zeb? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no, raws li cov kev txaus siab ntawm tourists, paub, tej zaum ib tug ntawm nws cov neeg nyob, hlub nws lub nroog thiab zoo siab rau nws cov zoo kawg li keeb kwm. Lub npe no capital muab cov dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1367 kev tsim kho. Thaum lub sij hawm ntev centuries ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau rebuilt ntau lub sij hawm thiab tau los ua ib tug yeej muaj tseeb cim ntawm lub nroog, nws lub plawv thiab ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab attractions.

Niaj hnub no, cov Kremlin yog ib tug ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws architectural lossis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm hais txog 27 thiab ib tug ib nrab daim av. Peb kawm paub ntau ntxiv hais txog lub keeb kwm ntawm no grand qauv.

Cov thawj hais sib haum rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Kremlin. Moscow puag

Tus thawj ancient settlements nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin qhov chaw sawv ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Raws li muaj tim khawv los archaeological excavations, txog tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub VI xyoo pua AD muaj nyob thawj Slavic pab pawg neeg.

Moscow twb xub hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv 1147. Nws yog ces hais tias Yuri Dolgoruky caw nws nkauj muam nraug nus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod-Seversky Svyatoslav mus rau ib tug lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ciam teb lub zos. Qhov kev tshwm sim mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li lub hnub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Moscow.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov thawj Kremlin

Kremlin zaj dab neeg pib ib tug me ntsis tom qab - cuaj lub xyoos tom qab, thaum Dolgoruky txiav txim siab mus ntxiv dag zog rau lub nroog los ntawm phab ntsa. Nws yog ib tug ntoo thuv picket laj kab, txaus siab los ntawm ib tug loj heev earthen ncej rau ntau dua kev ntseeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov chaw rau qhov kev siv tsis yog xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Lub fact tias cov fortress twb situated nyob rau hauv ib tug siab toj, surrounded los ntawm cov Moscow dej thiab Neglinnaya. Qhov no pub lub sij hawm mus ntsib tus yeeb ncuab thiab muab nws rov qab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov toj qhib heev picturesque saib ntawm lub cheeb tsam surrounding. Interestingly, thawj Kremlin cheeb tsam yog hais txog plaub hectares, thiab los ntawm tam sim no nws lub teb chaws muaj ntau zog yuav luag yim lub sij hawm!

Txawm li cas los, ib tug tseem ceeb drawback ntawm no fortress yog lub fact tias nws ua tau ntawm ntoo, thiab yog li ua tau yooj yim hlawv thaum lub sij hawm ib tug yuam hluav taws los yog riam phom. Lub sij hawm tom qab lub Kremlin twb rebuilt thaum pib ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua, thaum lub Moscow Ivan Kalita cai. Nws ua lag luam ntau heev ntawm nyiaj, lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab nyob rau hauv strengthening thiab beautifying lub nroog. No thiab kom mus txhim tsa tshiab phab ntsa. Cov teeb meem yog muaj zog tshaj li lawv tau ua cov feem ntau haib thiab robust ntoo qhib tej kas tham. Ib tug tshiab dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow ua tau rau lub Dmitry Donskoy txawm tias tom qab ob peb decades.

Moscow thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm Dmitriya Donskogo

Cov tom ntej no kav Moscow yog tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy. Nws yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv Ivana Kality. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Dmitry Donskoy caum ib tug active txawv teb chaws txoj cai, expanding thiab ntxiv dag zog rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau sau los ntawm tsausmuag raids ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol hordes. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab, muaj zog tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li twb tau hais, cov laus Kremlin ua tau ntawm ntoo. Yog li ntawd, tab sis yog nws yog haib txaus los mus tiv cov yeeb ncuab ntxeem tau, tseem tseem lam tau lam ua rau hluav taws. Thiab qhov hluav taws kub uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1365, rhuav tshem cov tag nrho lub nroog mus rau hauv av (nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg nws lub npe hu ua Tag nrho cov Haiv Neeg Ntseeg, raws li pib nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tag nrho cov Haiv Neeg Ntseeg). Nws tsis spare ntoo qhib phab ntsa ntawm lub Kremlin. Ces, los tiv thaiv lub nroog, Dmitry Donskoy txib kom lawv muaj ib tug dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow. Xyoo ntawm commencement ntawm kev tsim kho - 1367. Qhov no yog hais nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub sij hawm no.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm cov dawb-pob zeb Kremlin

Yog li, qhov kev siv ntawm cov dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow pib. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no nws tsav tsheb cov ntaub ntawv kom lawv muaj lub fortress. Dawb pob zeb quarried rau cov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam, peb caug kilometers ntawm lub nroog. Nws tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nrov cov ntaub ntawv. Cov dawb pob zeb yog ib tug check thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis nws cov yog yooj yim, thiab lub masters ntawm rooj plaub ob peb. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog lug siv.

Dawb Pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow, yog tus thawj xws tsev nyob rau hauv Suzdal. Nws siv pib thaum tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv twb npaj txhij, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav 1367. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tshiab fortress pw ib lub hauvpaus khov, uas kaj siab lug tseem sawv hnub no.

qhov kev siv ntawm cov dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow (- 1368 kawm tiav) twb nqa tawm sai sai. Qhov no mus ceev yog nkaus justified. Tseeb, sai tom qab qhov kawg ntawm siv nyob rau hauv Moscow twb rov los cov tub rog ntawm lub Lithuanian Grand Duke Algirdas. Nws sawv peb hnub nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv lub Kremlin, tab sis coj tus fortress thiab ua tsis tau. Ob xyoos tom qab, Algirdas rov qab rog tau lub nroog, tab sis kuj yuav tsis muaj avail.

Nyob rau hauv 1382 lub fortress twb brutally rov Tokhtamysh, uas tshwm sim los nws zoo kawg puas tsuaj, tab sis tom qab nws tau raug kiag li rov qab los. Yog li ntawd, lub dawb-pob zeb Kremlin tsev, tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, yog ib tug zoo heev keeb kwm kev tshwm sim uas ua rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm lub nroog thiab nws tsim raws li ib tug chaw ntawm Orthodoxy thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Dukes.

Nws ntsia zoo li ib tug dawb pob zeb Kremlin?

Tu siab, nws tsis tshwm sim documentary lus rau hnub tim nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav thawj dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tus kws txiav txim ntawm uas tau tsuas yog vim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab drawings A. M. Vasnetsova.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub pob zeb phab ntsa thiab yees tau ua nyob ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm lub qub vaj tse. Yog li ntawd, lub Kremlin lub chaw uas zoo heev muaj txhab considerably. Lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa los ntawm ib co kev kwv yees txog ob - peb meters. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov khoom ua ntau moat, los ntawm kev uas bridges cov kis.

Cov phab ntsa tau ntsia loopholes uas kaw muaj zog ntoo pab ntsa. Rau yees tau ua los ntawm ib tug pass-rooj vag. Nyob rau Neglinnaya dej raug pov thawj pob zeb choj nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tom qab ib tug ib nrab xyoo pua nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw peb ua ib tug Trinity, uas tseem sawv hnub no.

Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub dawb-pob zeb Kremlin los ua cov feem ntau haib fortress nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib thaj tsam ntawm lub sij hawm yuav luag mus txog niaj hnub no.

Yuav ua li cas los tsim kom tau ib tug tshiab Kremlin?

Hais txog 150 xyoo sawv dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow. Muaj ntau lub sij hawm nws tau besieged thiab mas lub tsiv nres. Tsis tau lawv inflicted loj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj, li cas los xij, raws li cov nquag hluav taws kub. Cov fortress phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, hnav tawm thiab tsis tau mus ua nws cov kev tiv thaiv luag hauj lwm.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XV xyoo pua, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan lub Peb, pib ib tug loj-scale restructuring ntawm lub Kremlin. Rau no zoo-paub Italian masters tau caw kom Moscow. Cov fortress twb rebuilt maj, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qub dawb phab ntsa tau ua tshiab, liab cib tsev. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub Kremlin reconstruction coj kaum xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd rebuilt lub tuam tsev thiab cathedrals. Yog li twb tsim lub neej tshiab nimno architectural tsos ntawm cov Kremlin.

Tom qab, nws yog reconstructed ob peb lub sij hawm. Tus thawj hloov tau ua thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Boris Godunov, ces nyob rau hauv Peter I. Great kev puas tsuaj tau tshwm sim los rau hauv lub Kremlin Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Tom qab nws tau ua nws kim heev restoration ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, lub Kremlin tau pheej rebuilt, tus pej thuam twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hnub qub, thiab nyob rau hauv pedestals tau ntsia Tsar Cannon thiab Tsar Tswb.

Moscow dawb pob zeb

Dawb Pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow sawv rau ze li ntawm ib nrab xyoo. Nws tau nyiaj dhau los ntau dua ib tug tsausmuag nres thiab tus yeeb ncuab siege, nti tiv thaiv lub nroog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Nws yog ua tsaug rau qhov no fortress Moscow lawm mas lub npe ntawm "dawb pob zeb". Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog nws tam sim no. Tab sis ob peb yeej paub hais tias lub Kremlin tseem "dawb pob zeb" plaub centuries tom qab nws tau ua tshiab phab ntsa ntawm liab cib.

Qhov no txawv txawv fact muaj ib tug yooj yim piav. Cov phab ntsa hauv cov fortress qhia tshwj xeeb uas whitened kom txog thaum lub XIX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, qhov no yog vim kev txhawj xeeb rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cib, rau lwm yam - nws yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom plig mus rau cov thawj cov pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Dmitry Donskoy ua. Piv txwv li, nws xwm nyob rau hauv bleached canvas P. P. Vereschagina, tsim nyob rau hauv 1879.

Kremlin hnub no

Cov hnub nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Nyob rau hauv 1997, ib tug loj-scale restoration twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov vaj tse thiab lug ntawm lub Kremlin txum tim rov qab. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv loj Orthodox hnub caiv muaj solemn cov kev pab cuam, thiab nyob rau ib ncig ntawm lub fortress thiab puas coj tours.

Thiab tej zaum hnub no tsis yog tag nrho nco ntsoov hais tias cov dawb-pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow ua tau rau lub Dmitry Donskoy, tab sis lub hauv paus txawm inhabitants ntawm lub capital paub lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub zos thiab yog txaus siab ntawm nws.

nthuav lus tseeb

• Lub architectural khaub ncaws ntau ntawm liab Square thiab lub Kremlin yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Keeb kwm kev cai los ntawm UNESCO.
• Yog hais tias ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los, lub fortress phab ntsa Whitewashed, tab sis tam sim no lawv puav tsuas nrog liab xim.
• Lub Kremlin yog cov teb chaws Europe tus loj tshaj plaws fwm fortress yog tseem nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv.
• Nyob rau hauv 1941, cov phab ntsa pleev xim rau lub qhov rais. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav los npog lub fortress rau thaj siv.

Dawb Pob zeb Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow rau nws lub neej muaj tej ntau cov kev hloov, tab sis tseem ib lub cim ntawm Moscow thiab ib tug yeej muaj tseeb lub pov haum ntawm lub nroog lub architecture.