Chivalric ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog: Ib daim ntawv thiab saib xyuas cov

Knight tus cov ntaub ntawv - ib tug loj kab ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws yog tus hero ua rau cov feat warrior feudal. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws cov khoom ntawm cheeb tsam no: tsim nyob rau hauv Fabkis Gotfridatom Strasbourg "Song ntawm Roland" nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees - "Tristan thiab Isolde" (verse tshiab) thiab "Tus Song ntawm lub Nibelungs" nyob rau hauv Spain - "Rodrigo" thiab "Song ntawm lub Cid "thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog yuav tsum tau highlights lub ntsiab ntawm "A Knight tus Literature" (Qib 6). Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yog cov dab neeg uas nws cov keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lwm yam, paub lub ntsiab hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab ntawm "A Knight tus cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog" (Qib 6) qhia compressed, xaiv, tu ib co ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb xav kom ntau siab qhia nws rau tus nyeem ntawv muaj ib lub tswv yim hais txog nws.

Knight tus paj huam

Knight tus cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li tsis tsuas novels, tab sis kuj cov paj huam, uas hu nkauj qhuas ntawm loyalty mus rau ib tug tej yam poj niam ntawm lub plawv. Rau nws, lub knights ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej raug mus rau ntau yam kev ntsuam xyuas. Vajtswv tau koob meej txoj kev hlub zaj nkauj ntawm cov kws sau paj lug-hu nkauj hu ua minnesingers nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, troubadours - nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Fabkis, thiab trouveres - nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov tseem zoo-paub sau phau ntawv - Bertran De Born, Arnaud Daniel, Dzhaufre Rudel. Nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monument - ib tug txhiab nplooj siab rau Robin Hood.

Chivalric ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ltalis yog sawv cev mas lyric paj huam. Nws nrhiav tau ib tug tshiab style uas tau koob meej txoj kev hlub ntawm ib tug poj niam, Guido Guinizelli, Bolognese kws sau paj lug. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev - Guido Cavalcanti thiab Brunetto Latini, lub Florentines.

Cov duab ntawm ib tug tub rog thiab ib tug zoo nkauj poj niam

Lo lus "knight" txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv German "rider". Nyob warrior, nws yog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj zoo tus cwj pwm zoo, pe hawm tus poj niam ntawm lub plawv, yuav tsum tau coj mus kuaj. Nws yog nrog tus cult ntawm lub yav tas thiab muaj courtly paj huam. Cov neeg sawv cev hu nkauj nws txoj kev tshav ntuj thiab kev zoo nkauj, thiab kuj zoo kawg cov poj niam tau mus kho zoo rau qhov no zoo ntawm cov kos duab, uas extolled lawv. Nws yog sublime chivalric ntaub ntawv. Duab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, paub meej tias qhov no.

Courtly kev hlub, ntawm chav kawm, yog rau ib co raws li arbitrary, vim nws yog kiag li subordinated rau lub tsev hais plaub cov lus qhia. Hu nkauj qhuas ntawm cov poj niam, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog tus poj niam ntawm tus suzerain. Thiab cov knights yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws, tseem ib tug respectful courtiers. Yog li ntawd frivolous zaj nkauj uas dag ntxias tus poj niam ego, surrounded ob lub feudal vaj brilliance exclusivity.

courtly paj huam

Courtly kev hlub yog ib daim card, yog li tsis txhob twv kom hu rau lub npe ntawm nws poj niam. Nws ntsia zoo li cov kev xav ntawm kev tswm seeb adoration.

Tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm poetic ntawv ntau, thiab lub authorship ntawm feem ntau ntawm lawv yog poob lawm. Tab sis ntawm cov ntau tsis muaj kob thiab yog li ntawd muaj yog ib tug catchy, kaj nuj nqis. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws troubadours twb Giraut de Borneyl, Bernart de Ventadorn, Marcabru, Dzhaufre Rudel, Peirol.

Hom courtly paj huam

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm courtly paj huam nyob rau hauv Provence, tab sis feem ntau yog: Alba, Canson, pastorela, txhiab mourning tensona, sirventes.

Canson (nyob rau hauv txhais lus - "song") yog teem tawm nyob rau narrative tsim ib tug kev hlub lub ntsiab.

Alba (uas txhais tau tias "thaum sawv ntxov lub hnub qub") tau nplooj siab mus rau lub split, hauv ntiajteb no kev hlub. Nws hais tias lub lovers txhaum li tom qab ib tug tsis pub leejtwg paub lub rooj sib tham nyob rau kaj ntug ntawm nws mus kom ze qhia lawv tub qhe los yog sawv khwb txhua.

Pastorela - ib tug song uas qhia txog lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub cowherd thiab cov Knight.

Cov kws sau paj lug longs quaj, quaj ntsuag lawv qhia tawm, los yog quaj ntsuag txoj kev tuag ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze rau nws.

Tensona - ib yam ntawm cov phau ntawv sau lus tsis txaus siab, uas yog kawm los ntawm ob los yog kws sau paj lug, los yog ib tug zoo nkauj poj niam thiab ib tug kws sau paj lug, ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab kev hlub.

Sirventes - ib tug song qhov twg lub cuam tshuam kev teeb meem, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog: Leej twg yog tsim nyog hlub ntau - lub infamous Baron los yog suave commoner?

Qhov no, nyob rau hauv luv luv knightly courtly ntaub ntawv.

Troubadours, ntawm uas peb twb hais, yog cov thawj courtly paj huam ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Tom qab lawv twb German "hu nkauj hlub" - minnesingers. Tab sis lub sensual caij nyob rau hauv lawv cov paj huam tau ua si me me lub luag hauj lwm tshaj nyob rau hauv lub Romance prevailed es moralistic laus.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm romance

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th yog cim los ntawm cov emergence of courtly ntaub ntawv ntawm romance - ib tug tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tsim nws yuav tsis yog tus muaj tswv yim xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab kev tshoov siab, thiab paub nws kim heev. Knight thiab nroog ntaub ntawv yog zoo txuas. Tus sau phau ntawv ntawm nws cov neeg, zaum no tej zaum yuav sim mus rau reconcile lawv creativity hom phiaj ntawm koob pheej ntawm lawv ntawm tag nrho cov ua ntej Vajtswv, nrog rau cov cwj pwm zoo thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm lub era uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Raws li ib tug tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tom kawg advocated qhov hom phiaj ntawm courtesy. Qhov no morality, uas qhia cov courtly ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog ib tug utopian, tab sis hais tias nws qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tshiab.

Fabkis romance

Lub heyday ntawm nws cov qhab nia Breton voj voog. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub novels nyob rau hauv no series muaj xws li: "Brutus," "Erec thiab Enid," "Klizhes", "Tristan thiab Isolde", "Iveyn", "Zoo nkauj Hmoob", "Parsifal", "Romance ntawm lub Grail", "phem tshav tsev teev ntuj "," Perlesvaus, "" Kev tuag ntawm Arthur "thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, knight ntawm medieval ntaub ntawv twb zoo tuaj. Ntxiv mus, nws yog lub tsev mus rau tus thawj ntawm chivalry. Lawv yog ib tug zoo ntawm fusion ntawm lub Lig retelling ntawm Ovid, Virgil, Homer, lub epic Celtic legends thiab dab neeg hais txog cov tsis paub hais tias lub teb chaws ntawm lub Crusaders thiab kurtuaznyh songs.

Chretien de Troyes yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws nto moo tshaj plaws creation yog "Iveyn, los yog Knight ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav." Lub ntiaj teb no uas tsim de Troyes, yog lub epitome ntawm chivalry, vim hais tias cov cim uas nyob nws, rau siab mus feats, rau taug txuj kev nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv no tshiab, Chretien lawm hais tias feat nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog meaningless, uas taug txuj kev nyuaj yuav tsum tau teem, tag nrho ntawm lub ntsiab lus: nws yuav ua tau los tiv thaiv tej yam thuam cov poj niam, tau ib tug hluas nkauj los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, cawm cov txheeb ze ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Self-tsis kam thiab ua siab dawb pub Iveyn hais txog nws kev phooj ywg nrog tus huab tais ntawm beasts - ib tug tsov ntxhuav.

Nyob rau hauv "Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm lub Grail" los no cov sau siv ntau sophisticated cov tswv yim uas qhia ib tug neeg lub cim. Lub feat ntawm "teeb meem" hero ibtxhi mus austerity. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis yog ib tug Christian penance rau txoj kev cawm seej ntawm lawv tej ntsuj plig, raws li cov hauv motives tsaug qia dub, thiab ib tug zoo siab ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab nws tus kheej-kev qhuab qhia. Percival, tus hero ntawm cov nplooj yog tsis vim kev cai dab qhuas mystical lam ua ntawm nws tus hluas nkauj, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tag nrho ntau yam ntawm txoj kev xav, nyob rau hauv uas mingled kev tu siab ntawm uas niam muaj lub siab xav pab tus huab tais nrhiav, txiv ntxawm ntawm tus hero.

Romance nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees

Nyob rau hauv lwm zoo-paub medieval romance "Tristan thiab Isolde", ib tug txawv kiag li laus. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws tso Irish legends piav tsis zoo siab hlub zoo nkauj hluas lub siab lub ntsws. Tsis muaj leej twg tus tshiab chivalrous taug txuj kev nyuaj, los txog rau lub fore cov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev cai uas kev cai thiab motives lovers. Mob siab rau huab tais Isolde thiab Tristan tub thawb lawv tawm mus tsuj ntiag rau ntawm lub neej ua txij nkawm nuj nqis thiab vassal. Ua ib tug tragic tinge phau ntawv: cov cim yog cov neeg uas raug txoj hmoo, destiny.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov romance tau raug nthuav tsuas yog nyob rau kev kho ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm Fabkis: Heinrich von Veldeke ( "Aeneid"), Gottfried von Strassburg, Hartmann von Aue ( "Iveyn" thiab "Erek"), Wolfram von Eschenbach ( "Partsial"). Lawv txawv los ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no deepening kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev ncaj ncees tej teeb meem.

Romance nyob rau hauv Spain

Nyob rau hauv Spain, cov romance kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 16th tsis tsim. Paub nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, tsuas yog ib qho hu ua "Knight Siphar". Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no, lub xyoo pua 15th, muaj "Kurian thiab Guelph" thiab "tyrant Dawb" sau Zhoanotom Joanot Martorell. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th Montalvo tsim "Amadis de Gaula", kuj ib tug anonymous tshiab, "De Oliviya Palmerin" thiab lwm tus, tag nrho cov ntau tshaj 50.

Romance nyob rau hauv ltalis

Chivalric ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog lub teb chaws twb yus muaj los ntawm feem ntau borrowed plots. Thawj pab ntawm ltalis yog lub paj huam "Lub nkag mus rau hauv Spain," sau los ntawm ib tug anonymous sau nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, raws li zoo raws li "capture ntawm Pamplona" thiab nws cov sequel, uas tsim los ntawm Niccolò los ntawm Verona. Italian epics tsim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm los ntawm Andrea da Barberino.