Classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv: txhais tau lub indefinable

"Raws li tau qhia classics", "Kuv mus nyeem cov classics" - cov revolutions yeej yuav hnov nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsis zoo li peb yog tag nrho paub txog dab tsi lub sau ntawv muaj cai rau nkag mus rau lub golden nyiaj ntawm belles-lettres, thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv kev nws yog ib tug tshwm sim - ib tug classic ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Tej lo lus nug yuav teb nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

teeb meem ntawm terminology

Yuav kom qhia lub tswvyim ntawm tus classical yog heev yooj yim, vim hais tias qhov no txhais yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub ntsiab. Rau qhov nruab nrab haiv neeg hais lus, nws yog akin mus rau lub zoo tagnrho standard, uas rau nws yog tsim nyog los siv zog rau. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsis muaj exaggeration hais tias nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj cov tsis thiab mobile sib txawv nyob ntawm seb ib tug era. Yog li ntawd, rau Corneille thiab Racine classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv - yog feem ntau ib yam khoom ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Antiquity, cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum lawv tsis tshua muaj neeg txais tos. Thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua muaj txawm kiv cua cam hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam nyob rau hauv Russia yog twb tau sau. Pom zoo: admirers ntawm Pushkin, Dostoevsky thiab Tolstoy xws hypotheses zoo li tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis zoo.

Ib tug txawv saib

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub "classical ntaub ntawv" tej zaum yog hais txog rau cov khoom, tsim los modernism. Txawm tias hnub no no saib yuav muab suav hais tias dog dig outdated, raws li Kafka novels ntawm Joyce thiab Proust, Dali paintings thiab Malevich tau ntev dhau mus rau hauv cov qeb ntawm tus Golden nyiaj ntawm cov kos duab maj tawm qhov tsawg feemxyuam contemporaries.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub keeb kwm kev hloov kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv classics nyob twj ywm timeless, ntau yam thiab feemxyuam. Txawm tom qab pua pua xyoo, tib neeg yog twv rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Shakespeare, Goethe thiab Pushkin, txhais lawv nyob rau hauv txawv discourses. Qhov no yog tau vim tias qhov tob ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus, qhov tseeb rau txhua leej txhua tus.

Yog li ntawd, summing up: nws muaj xws li classic ntaub ntawv? Phau ntawv Classics, uas nws tej hauj lwm yog nyeem hnub no.

Classical thiab "high" cov ntaub ntawv - cov tib tshaj plaws?

Lub division ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv peb "ntau ntau" - high, belletristic thiab loj - nyob kuj ntev los no. Ntau precisely, thaum tau tsim rau qhov nruab nrab nyeem ntawv entertaining phau ntawv. Classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv kev lom zem ntau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub "siab" ntawm creation. Lawv yog cov ntse, yuav tsum tau tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, ntawm nws kev. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm "classic" yog thov rau qhov kev kuaj ntawd-hu ua loj cov ntaub ntawv, albeit nyob rau hauv ib tug sib txawv dog dig lub ntsiab lus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm no yog cov detectives ntawm Agatha Christie thiab Tolkien fantasy. Thaum lawv cov kiv cua hais tias nws yog - ib tug classic ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yog referring rau hais tias "Kaum Me Khab" lossis "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Rings" tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qauv zoo rau yav tom ntej sau ntawv uas ua hauj lwm hauv cov yam. Raws li deb raws li cov muaj npe khoom yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, yog ib qhov nyuaj los txiav txim, ntaub ntawv tsis muab ib tug leej lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no.

Daim ntawv teev cov ntiaj teb no classics

Nws tau ua ib tug ib txwm npaj ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm kev, yuav tsum tau nyeem ntawv rau cov neeg uas xav kom yuav tsum xam tias yog tiag tiag kawm ntawv tus neeg. Qhib cov npe tsim yaam tshab ntawm ancient Greek thiab Roman sau phau ntawv: Homer ( "Iliad"), Aeschylus ( "Prometheus Bound") thiab Virgil ( "Aeneid"). Qhov saum toj no cov khoom muaj ib tug unconditional txoj cai hnav lub saib xyuas npe ntawm cov "classics ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv." Lub era ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog los ua tus menyuam txaj hauv creativity J .. F. Villon thiab Chaucer, thiab ib txhis tus naj npawb ntawm cov zajlus ua hauj lwm tsis sau.

Renaissance creators muab rau peb nyob mus ib txhis dluab - Shakespeare thiab Cervantes. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov txog Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Lopé de Vega, Fransua Rable thiab lwm tus neeg. XVII xyoo pua twb cim los ntawm cov Baroque (Pedro Calderon, Gongora) thiab classic (Racine, Corneille, Moliere) kos duab. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub era ntawm lub Enlightenment, tau enriched cov ntawv lub npe ntawm Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe thiab Schiller.

XIX xyoo pua muaj ib tug romantic ua hauj lwm ntawm Byron, Scott, Hoffmann, Hugo, Poe. Qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua Romanticism hloov los ntawm tseem ceeb heev realism thiab novels ntawm Stendhal, Balzac, Dickens.

Tig ntawm lub xyoo pua tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov thawj modernist taw - symbolism (Verlaine, Rimbaud, Wilde), naturalism (Zola) thiab cov Impressionist (Knut Hamsun). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj nyob rau hauv tej chaw thiaj li hu ua tshiab ua yeeb yam (Ibsen, Shaw, Maeterlinck), nyhav kiag li rethink outdated ua txoj kev kawm. Thib nees nkaum xyoo pua enriched tshiab kawm ntawv (xa mus rau Kafka, Proust thiab Joyce), ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsev avant - surrealism Dada, expressionism. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem twb cim los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Brecht, Camus, Hemingway thiab Marquez. Koj yuav tau tham txog kev kawm postmodern tej hauj lwm tau ua classics (Pavic, Suskind).

Lavxias teb sab classical sau ntawv

Lavxias teb sab classics - qhov no yog yeej ib zaj dabneeg sib txawv. XIX thiab XX xyoo pua sab cov npe ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, qhov tseeb, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, BLOK, Gorky, Yesenin, Bulgakov, Sholokhov ... Ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm zoo li tus classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv.