TsimScience

Cov kev cai ntawm thermodynamics

Thermodynamics - lub ceg ntawm physics uas kawm cov kev sib nrig sib transformation ntawm tshav kub mus rau hauv lub zog thiab vice versa. Ua ib tug haum uas nws kim heev seem, qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub Applied Physics yog muab faib ua ntau yam tswj, uas muaj xws li:

  1. Basic cai ntawm thermodynamics.
  2. Theem zaus thiab thermodynamic dab.
  3. Thermodynamic mus thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov kev cai ntawm thermodynamics - tsis yog tus sub, tab sis kuj postulates lub hauv paus lwm lub kawm ceg ntawm physics. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog peb thermodynamic pib.

Cia peb kawm lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

1. Tus thawj txoj kev cai los yog kev cai lij choj ntawm thermodynamics. Ua ntej, nco ntsoov tias lub zog yog lossi kis los ntawm ib hom mus rau lwm lub. Hloov, nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm lub kinetic rau tej zaum thiab rov qab, lub zog ntawm lub cev tsis mus tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los, ib tug yooj yim piv txwv ntawm cov pendulum, uas muab acceleration, ntiab tsis ntseeg nyob no ziag no. Thaum nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, lub pendulum muaj ib tug kinetic zog, thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab amplitude cov ntsiab lus - peev xwm. Raws, xws li ib tug txav yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kawg nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag, uas yog, yuav infinite. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, peb pom tias lub zog yog maj fading, lub pendulum nres nws chav kawm. Qhov no tshwm sim vim cov huab cua kuj, uas ua rau lub tsis sib haum xeeb kev quab yuam ntawm lub zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub zog uas yuav tsum tau muab rau tus pendulum acceleration, siv los mus kov yeej cua teeb meem. Raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, lub tshav kub generated. Raws li thwmsim zaum ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab ambient kub ntawm lub nce vim lub chaotic suab ntawm lub pendulum molecular tshuaj thiab huab cua.

Ua tau, thawj txoj kev cai thermodynamics yog zoo dua lub npe hu raws li txoj kev txuag ntawm lub zog. Nws essence yog hais tias lub zog nyob rau hauv lub system tsis ploj, tab sis tsuas hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub, thiab hloov los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ib tug zoo xws li cov kev soj tau piav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-puas tawm xyoo dhau. K. Moore. Nws qhia hais tias lub zog muaj peev xwm mus rau hauv lwm lub xeev: Thaum tshav kub kub, hluav taws xob, tsab ntawv tsa suab, magnetism, thiab lwm yam Txawm li cas los, cov kev cai lij choj twb formulated xwb nyob rau hauv 1847, Helmholtz, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua ... nws hais tsis zoo formula E = mc2 tau muab, uas yog tseem muaj Einstein cov lus xaus.

2. Qhov thib ob txoj cai ntawm thermodynamics, los yog. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1850, zaum R. Clausius, nws yog li nram qab no soj: lub internal zog faib nyob rau hauv ib kaw system txawv across li ntawd pab tau zog yog txo, li no ua entropy.

3. Peb Law los yog txoj cai ntawm Thermodynamics. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab lub tswv yim uas kub yog ib chaotic thiab random zog ntawm molecules, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias cov cua txias system entails ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lawv lub cev ua si. Entropy yog pes tsawg nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas tej random zog ntawm molecules yog kiag li lawm.

Lub meej nqi ntawm cov entropy ntawm lub substance yuav xam paub nws cov tshav kub ntawm tsis pes tsawg. W. Nernst ntev thiab heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb nws pom hais tias tag nrho cov crystalline ntaub ntawv muaj tib lub tshav kub muaj peev xwm: nyob hauv tsis pes tsawg thiab yog sib npaug zos rau zero. Qhov no xaus yog tus thib peb kev cai lij choj ntawm thermodynamics. Peb paub li no qhov tseeb, nws yog tau los sib piv cov entropy ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov nyob rau hauv kub.

Muaj kuj yog ib tug thiaj li hu ua zero li txoj cai ntawm thermodynamics, nws aklyuchaetsya ntawm cov hauv qab no: lub tshav kub ntawm lub rhuab feem ntawm lub cais system extends rau tag nrho cov ntsiab. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm, qhov kub thiab txias raws nyob rau hauv ib qhov system.

Cov kev cai ntawm thermodynamics - uas yog qhov yooj yim Cheebtsam ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm mechanics. Vim cov uas nrhiav tau cog lus ntawm txawv sij hawm, niaj hnub science thiab zej zog yog enriched los ntawm cov invention, feem ntau cov cav tov.

Cov kev cai ntawm thermodynamics yog universal rau tag nrho cov ceg ntawm mechanics.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 hmn.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.