Empirical Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia

Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Western Sociology cim ib tug tseem ceeb evolution, yog li tam sim no yog ib tug complex system ntawm lub tswv yim, tej tswv yim, cov kev thiab theories. Empirical Sociology hais txog qhov tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov Sociology ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo tej teeb meem, lub yam ntxwv thiab tej tsom xam, sociometry, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cim txog interactionism, lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib raug pauv thiab phenomenological Sociology.

Empirical Sociology muaj xws li ob lub ntsiab qhov chaw:

- Thov empirical tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Sociology, lawv ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm kev tshawb fawb aimed ntawm kev daws cov tswv yim, zoo-txhais kev pab raws qib.

- Academic empirical tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Sociology, lawv ua hauj lwm yog lub tsim ntawm scientific kev paub txog lub tshuab ntawm kev lub neej txheej xwm thiab tej cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau siv raws li lub methodological hauv paus ntawm sociological kev tshawb fawb.

Empirical Sociology ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub US tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov cov empirical tsev kawm ntawv muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug heev muaj ntau haiv neeg ntau ntawm kev txaus siab, tab sis lub ntsiab teeb meem yog solvable theoretical thiab methodological hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb, raws li zoo raws li tus piv thiab sib txuas lus tagnrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawv.

Empirical Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia tsim raws li ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky li al.) Thiab nyob rau hauv thawj zaug kaum xyoo tom qab (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky li al.). Empirical Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 20 xyoo kawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm lub koom haum, ua lub tsim ntawm kab lis kev cai, txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab ntau lawm, kev cob qhia uas tsim nyog cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30-ies kev xws tshawb fawb tau nres thiab resumed tsuas nyob rau hauv lub 70s (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al.).

Niaj hnub no kev hloov visualizations vib this los ntawm kev txawj ntse. Piv txwv li, VA tshuaj lom paub Lavxias teb sab sociologist qhia nram qab no cov tswv yim ntawm empirical tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv ntau yam theoretical le caag. Nws npaj siab los tsim kom tau rau xws li ib tug formulation ntawm theoretical paradigms: lub paradigm nyob rau hauv Sociology - yog ib tug to taub ntawm lub interrelationships ntawm ntau yam theories, xws li:

a) tus me nyuam ntawm ib tug ntau philosophical lo lus teb rau lo lus nug "yog dab tsi kev";

b) me nyuam los tu ntawm ib tug tej tag nrho ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev paradigm;

c) paub txog tej yam ntau rau kev validity thiab kev cia siab ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv relation mus kev dab thiab phenomena.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm Russia thiab yskoy Sociology saib peb theem:

1 theem (60- 80s. Nineteenth xyoo pua.). Muaj yog ib tug Sociology nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab, thiab. Nws yog ntshai raws li ib tug science, uas siv lwm yam sciences raws li ib tug "warehouse" ntawm cov lus tseeb uas tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov kev cai ntawm kev sib raug zoo muaj zog thiab statics. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ob leeg Sociology tsim raws li ib tug thaj tsev kawm ntawv, organicism, psychology: lub socio-psychism thiab subjective tsev kawm ntawv.

Subjective Sociology tsim nws tej hauv paus ntsiab ua ntej lwm leej lwm tus. Vim li cas yog muaj lub siab xav mus hais lus cam cov tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab populism thiab socialism.

puas siab puas ntsws kev taw qhia cov tswv yim tshawb tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm ntawm kev cai yam influencing txug ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm.

2nd theem (80 -. 90 19 nyob rau hauv.). Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no tsim antipositivist installation thiab Marxism. Thaum lub sij hawm no M.M.Kovalevsky tso nws ua hauj lwm "Sociology". Nws to taub Sociology raws li ib tug science ntawm evolution thiab lub koom haum zej zog. Nws hais tias nyob rau hauv Sociology nyuaj intertwined economic, puas siab puas ntsws, thaj yam, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis tshwm sim decisive.

3 theem (txog li 20-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th). Ua tsev kawm ntawv - neo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsim ib tug "Christian Sociology".

4 kauj ruam (C '80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th kom txog rau thaum N.V.). Ib tug tshiab theem, cim los ntawm txoj kev hloov hauv Sociology, uas yog paub los ntawm ib qho kev ywj science.