Hom ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub teb chaws USA: ib tug sib piv

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia yog tswj los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv", txais nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1996. Raws li qhov no raws li txoj cai ua, cov kev kawm ntawv system muaj xws li ntau yam zog, lub xeev thiab tsoom tsev - preschool, kev kawm dav dav, ntxiv kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev, kev, thiab lwm yam

Tam sim no, lub nram qab no ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia: pre-tsev kawm ntawv, theem nrab, theem nrab ua hauj lwm thiab ntau dua kev kawm ntawv.

Tus qauv ntawm lub pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv muaj xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsev nrog ib tug loj autonomy nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm kev kawm cov kev pab cuam, lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm txoj kev kawm, kev ua tau zoo ntau yam ntawm kev khiav dej num. Cov muaj xws li: kev kindergartens, kindergartens, tsim los rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nrog deviations nyob rau hauv kev puas hlwb thiab lub cev kev loj hlob, tus me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob chaw zov me nyuam, kev noj qab nyob chaw zov me nyuam, thiab lwm yam

Lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws link nyob rau hauv lub system yog ib tug general kawm ntawv los yog tsev kawm ntawv. Nws muaj xws li theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv, lyceums, chav ua si, cov tsev kawm ntawv nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov lus, yav tsaus ntuj cov tsev kawm ntawv, lyceums, nce, tsim tsis tsuas yog rau cov kev cob qhia tab sis kuj rau kev pab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam uas yog lagging qab nyob rau hauv kev puas hlwb thiab puas siab puas ntsws txoj kev loj hlob, suab paj nruag thiab kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Los ntawm tshwj xeeb theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv yog, raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub ntau yam tsev kawm ntawv uas npaj kawm tiav ua hauj lwm specialties (mechanics, welders) thiab kawm ntawv qib siab (kev). Dua kev kawm yog kawm tiav ntawm academies, universities thiab cov tsev. Thiab nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias ib tug kev kawm lub tsev yog ib feem ntawm lwm lub. Piv txwv li, lub koom haum raws li ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Niaj hnub nimno ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm ntawv mus rau peb lub teb chaws raws li ib tug legacy ntawm lub Soviet Union muaj yav tas los. Tus heev system ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab upbringing ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tsev tus huab tais, thiab tom qab ntawd imperial lub sij hawm ho sib txawv los ntawm peb. Nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR lub Lavxias teb sab cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj lub sij hawm mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, whereas ib tug ob peb xyoo dhau los nws yog muaj nyob rau ib ob peb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me nyuam ntawm privileged ua hauj lwm. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, ib lub lag luam kev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws yuav tau txais leej twg, hmoov tsis, txhua yam yog npaum li cas sadder nyob rau hauv xyaum. Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv European universities them tsis taus qhov nruab nrab pej xeem ntawm Russia.

lub US kev kawm ntawv system yog heev txawv los ntawm peb. Nws twb tsis muaj ib centralized qauv, li ntawd, txhua lub xeev muaj cai los tswj cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej kev txiav txim.

Yog li, cov views ntawm tus US kev kawm ntawv:

Me nyuam me. Qhov chaw no tsis yuav tsum tau mus xyuas. Nws yog tsim los rau cov me nyuam 3-4 xyoos thiab yuav tus me nyuam theem pib paub kev kawm - txoj cai hais lus, kev sau ntawv, kev ua leb, nqus.

Kindergarten. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, kindergartens, los yog raws li lawv kuj hu ua - kev npaj cov chav kawm ntawv yog ib feem ntawm cov thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv mus xyuas yog yuav tsum rau tag nrho cov me nyuam 5-6 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog.

Elementary School. Qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev me nyuam tau txais elementary los yog thawj hom kev kawm. Cov kev kawm kav rau 5 xyoo. Tus American lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ib co nta. Yog li ntawd, thoob plaws hauv lub 5 xyoo ntawm kev qhia ntawv rau cov me nyuam yog muab kev koom tes, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib tug xib fwb. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv reshape txhua txhua xyoo tawm ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv.

High School, uas yog kawm los ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm 11-14 xyoo, yuav txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ntau yam khoom tshiab, txhua tus uas qhia cov neeg kws qhia ntawv. Yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab cov kev kawm pab no yog cov kev ua si txoj kev kawm.

High tsev kawm ntawv yuav qhia cov hluas 14-18 xyoo. Tom qab nws kawm tiav, kawm tiav tau txais ib yam kev kawm ntawv, txaus yuav pib ua hauj lwm.

Tej hom tsim raws li kev, siab dua (undergraduate), kawm tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv, Doctorate yuav muab suav hais tias raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib theem ntawm kev kawm. Tau lawv yog tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas xav mus txuas lawv lub neej nrog rau txoj kev cai, tshuaj, science.

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tej zaum nws yuav zoo li tias lub tebchaws United States views kev kawm ntawv muaj lub siab tshaj plaws muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag lub xwb weighty txawv yog nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tsev. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau yooj yim kos ib thaum uas tig mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab thiab American kindergarten nurseries, US Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab (undergraduate) thiab tsis tiav siab dua Lavxias teb sab kev kawm ntawv.