Kiev: lub liberation ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub Nazi invaders (1943)

Paub ntau ntxiv tseem, dab tsi hnub Kaum ib hlis 6, 1943 - lub liberation ntawm Kiev. Nyob rau hnub no, muaj ib qho kev tshwm sim uas nrog bated ua tsis taus pa tos rau lub inhabitants ntawm no ancient nroog. Niaj hnub no, thaum lub ntuj keeb kwm yog sau dua tshiab thiab nquag siv ib tug tshiab saib nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov tseeb txog tus txheej xwm ntawm cov xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev, tag nrho cov neeg uas nug tus heroism ntawm cov neeg ua tsaug rau leej twg yog tus liberation ntawm Kiev (1943), yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov txog Nazi teeb meem txhaum cai.

Txawm nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam dab tsi tej zaum yuav lub txim ntawm ib tug ntev nyob rau hauv lub nroog lub troops ntawm lub Peb Reich, thaum cia li ob lub xyoos ntawm txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Babi Yar raug tua txog 100 txhiab civilians, cov pejxeem poob mus rau 180 txhiab, thiab 150 txhiab inhabitants ntawm Soviet Ukraine twb xa tiv thaiv lawv yuav mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thaum pib ntawm lub kaum ib hlis 1943

Lub yim hli ntuj 26 pib lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Dnepr, uas ua raws li ib tug lub npe nrov tshaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev tsov kev rog - lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kursk su. Soviet troops yuav tsum tau yuam overpowering cov dej khuam siab, sab hnub poob bank uas twb muab mus rau hauv lub Wehrmacht rau hauv ib tug haib defensive kab, hu ua tus "East phab ntsa". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub Germans tau kom cov Soviet troops pib ib offensive nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab hla tus Dnieper tom qab cov dej khov teem rau nws.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub offensive ntawm lub Red Army seized ib tug bridgehead rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Dnieper thiab mus rau tus dej sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Kiev. Yog li raug tsim cov prerequisites rau ib tug muaj zog lub caij nplooj zeeg offensive.

Lub liberation ntawm Kiev los ntawm fascist invaders: Kev npaj rau lub lag luam

Chiv Thawj Ukrainian hais kom ua (ex Voronezh) pem hauv ntej presupposed thov cia li ob tus nawj. Chief ntawm lawv yog yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm lub Bukrin bridgehead, nyob 80 km sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kiev, thiab cov koom haum pab - los ntawm sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv raws li txoj hau kev no, nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ob zaug sim mus tua. Txawm li cas los, ob lub sij hawm tsoo nrog Burkinskiy kev taw qhia tsis tau tejyam, tab sis nws twb txhab rau bridgehead, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Kiev Lyutezh. Qhov tshaj plaws uas yog yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov kawg ua phem, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog yuav tsum tau tus liberation ntawm Kiev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub troops rau lub bridgehead Burkinskiy qhia rau "khi" nws ntau li ntau tau tus rog ntawm Wehrmacht, thiab yog hais tias tej yam kev mob yog paaj - mus ua txhaum los ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab pib mus rau pem suab. kev ntxias los twb tau muab siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Nyob rau hauv kev, yog li ntawd tus yeeb ncuab tsis pom cov kev hloov ntawm koob thib 3 tiv thaiv Tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead armored tsheb hloov cov qauv, uas twb mus rau mislead cov yeeb ncuab pilots ya reconnaissance sorties.

Tus yeeb ncuab rog ua ntej lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Kiev

Los ntawm thaum ntxov Kaum ib hlis nyob rau hauv lub Red Army nyob rau hauv lub Kiev cheeb tsam tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab txog 7000 phom thiab mortars, 700 aircraft thiab 675 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab nws tus kheej-propelled phom. Cov tib tooj ntawm fighters thiab bombers yog cov yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los, cov xov tooj ntawm cov phom thiab artillery thiab tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub Red Army muaj ib tug me ntsis zoo dua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los npog lub nroog ntawm lub sab qaum teb German hais kom ua kom qhov kev siv ntawm 3 fortified tiv thaiv kab, muaj cov uas yog rau ho tabkaum lub zog ntawm peb cov tub rog.

Lub liberation ntawm Kiev (1943): Cov thawj theem ntawm lub lag luam

Pib lub offensive tau muab rau thaum sawv ntxov ntawm 3 Kaum ib hlis. Ua ntej, ib tug haib artillery kev npaj, raws li los ntawm ib lub tshuab los ntawm cov sab hnub poob, bypassing Kiev twb muaj. Nws nqa tawm lub 60th thiab 38th Army nrog kev pab los ntawm cov rog ntawm lub Tsib tiv thaiv Tank Corps. Nws ntaus li ib tug tiag tiag huab cua sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv uas tau txhaj lawm 31 yeeb ncuab aircraft, thiab tag nrho cov Soviet ARRANGEMENT ua 1150 sorties. Tsiv sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv av. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, thaum kawg ntawm lub hnub nws muab tawm hais tias peb tawm tsam kev quab yuam tsiv thoob plaws lub pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 5 mus rau 12 lub km.

Txheej xwm Kaum ib hlis 4, 1943

Kyiv liberation nws me ntsis qeeb vim phiv huab cua puag. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 4 yog drizzling los nag. Yuav kom txhawb lub siab zuj Soviet troops rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua ua ntej twb qhia tiv thaiv li hlau railings Corps thiab reserves, nrog rau cov thawj Czechoslovak Brigade, nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm L. Svoboda. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv lub offensive, uas txuas ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsaus ntuj, kawm los ntawm cov chav nyob ntawm lub Peb tiv thaiv Tank Army, hais nyob rau ntawm lub tsom teeb uas kis tau ceeb ntawm cov German cov tub rog.

Kaum ib hlis 5

Lwm thaum ntxov thaum sawv ntxov Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj rau Svyatoshino thiab sim ntawm txoj kev loj uas txuas Kiev rau Zhitomir, li no txiav tawm lub Kiev pab pawg neeg ntawm cov seem rog ntawm lub Nazis. Tag nrho cov hnub muaj sib ntaus nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov infantry, artillery, aircraft thiab armored tsheb, nyob rau hauv uas tus yeeb ncuab raug kev txom nyem zoo losses thiab yuam kom thim rov qab.

Kaum ib hlis 6

Thaum kawg, Soviet cov tub rog nkag mus hauv lub Kiev lig thaum hmo ntuj. Lub liberation ntawm lub nroog coj qhov chaw es sai sai, raws li liab Flag twb tsa dua nws nyob rau hauv 00 teev thiab 30 feeb, thiab los ntawm 4 teev nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm gunfire thaum kawg subsided.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws twb kwv yees hais tias tus tub rog ntawm Thawj Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej yeej lub tank 2, 9 infantry kev sib cais thiab ib motorized division.

Cov theem kawg ntawm lub lag luam

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub kaum ib hlis qhov hais kom ua ntawm lub German pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub rog "South" npaj counterattack nyob rau hauv lub Krivoy Rog cheeb tsam, Nikopol thiab Apostolovo, nws yuav tsis tsum siv los tuav lub capital ntawm Soviet Ukraine, nws reserves, muab armored thiab motorized pawg. Qhov no teeb meem pib ceev lub liberation ntawm Kiev los ntawm cov Nazis, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub kaum ib hlis 7 lub troops ntawm Thawj Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej muaj kev tswj kom tso raws li lub nroog ntawm Fastow. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau lub kaum ib hlis 10-11, backed German units los txog rau cov kev pab ntawm lub retreating Wehrmacht pab tub rog, thiab pib lub thawj loj German counterattacks. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ib lub lim tiam (13 Kaum ib hlis) tau tso tawm Zhitomir. Attack yog li ntawd haib tias ib feem ntawm lub Xya Army Corps Wehrmacht ceased mus Retreat, tsuas xeeb 50 km sab qab teb ntawm Kiev. Nyob rau hauv no 13th thiab 60th Army los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub kaum ib hlis lawv mus txog ntawm txoj kab ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch thiab Yelsk.

Raws li lub teb chaws lom lub yeej

Lub liberation ntawm Kiev los ntawm cov Nazis (hnub: November 6, 1943) twb tau ntsib los ntawm lub Soviet cov neeg uas muaj ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm txoj kev xyiv fab. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv Moscow Kuv twb muab ib tug salute 24 volleys. Nws coj ib cov ntaub ntawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom muab kev koom tes.

Rau exceptional ua siab loj thiab heroism nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Kiev, nrog kev txiav txim thiab medals ntawm lub 17 500 tus neeg tau raug muab tsub. Cov lawv yog cov commander thiab 139 cov tub rog ntawm Thawj Czechoslovak brigade. Nrog hais txog cov tub rog unit hais tias, los ntawm nws banner tau txuas rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Suvorov thib ob degree. Tsis tas li ntawd, 65 qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet thiab cov tebchaw twb muab tsub yawm no Kiev. Ntawm lawv, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Colonel General K. Moskalenko, Lieutenant-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky thiab Major General P. Korol'kova.

tau

Kiev Liberation (Hnub: Kaum ib hlis 6, 1943) yog uas xaiv yaam tseem ceeb rau qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog fronts. Thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam, pab tub rog ntawm lub Soviet Union yeej lub cuaj infantry, ib motorized thiab ob armored kev sib cais ntawm cov Wehrmacht invaded thiab puas 600 tso tsheb hlau luam, 1,200 phom thiab mortars, raws li zoo raws li 90 aircraft. ib qho tseem ceeb bridgehead raws tus ntug dej ntawm lub Dnieper 230 km ntev thiab mus txog rau 145 km nyob rau hauv qhov tob, uas tom qab ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub battles rau lub liberation ntawm cov cai-Bank Ukraine yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Soviet hais kom muaj peev xwm los cuam tshuam txog lub German generals yog npaj rau cov counterattack nyob rau hauv lub Kirovograd cheeb tsam.

miscalculations

Soviet commanders, npaj thiab nqa tawm lub lag luam, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Kiev, tau txais ib co yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv kev, raws li cov uas units ntawm lub Red Army ua tsis tau tejyam ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab lub ntsiab rog tom qab lub kaum ib hlis 15, nws muaj peev xwm mus counter-nres thiab rau hlis ntuj nqeg 22, peb pab tub rog tsis tau mus cuag ib tug tseem ceeb nce qib nyob rau hauv no sector.

casualties

Tus tuag tus xov tooj hu rau ob warring ob tog mus txog ob peb txhiab. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub nram qab no cov nuj nqis yuav muab nyob rau hauv Soviet historiography rau piav qhia txog lub Red Army losses: 6491 cov neeg tua, 24 078 - raug mob. Raws li rau lub troops ntawm lub Wehrmacht, lub 389 cov tub rog raug tua thiab raug mob 3018.

Lo lus teb nyob rau hauv xovxwm

Lub liberation ntawm Kiev thiab lub successes ntawm Soviet troops nyob rau hauv Right-Bank Ukraine tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug dav resonance. Tshwj xeeb tawm yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv lus Askiv thiab American xovxwm, uas ntshai no tshwm sim raws li ib tug loj yeej ntawm lub Peb Reich. Piv txwv li, lub tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm tus naas ej xov tooj cua London twb sau tseg hais tias thaum lub troops ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob Kiev, cov Germans khav hais tias tsis deb tawm tag nrho cov yeej ntawm lub Red Army thoob plaws hauv lub qab teb-sab hnub tuaj, thiab tom qab lub liberation ntawm lub capital ntawm Ukraine yog twb teb chaws Yelemees nws tus kheej pib hnov lub ringing ntawm ib tug pam tuag tswb.

Tam sim no uas koj paub yuav ua li cas yog lub liberation ntawm Kiev, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub losses ntawm lub warring ob tog, thiab cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub lag luam no tau pab cov ntxiv chav kawm ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.