Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab hluav taws kev tiv thaiv. Russia hnub ntawm hluav taws kev tiv thaiv

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob qhov twg hauv lub hav zoov los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial yog lub ntsiab lub tsev ntaub, ib tug ntawm cov phem tshaj kev puas tsuaj tau hluav taws kub feem ntau puas tag nrho lub nroog. Thiab txawm hais tias lawv raug xam tias yog ib tug rau txim los ntawm Vajtswv, nws tsis tiv thaiv lawv mus ua ib tug decisive nriaj. Vim hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab tua hluav taws yog nplua nuj heev thiab nws muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav rov qab centuries.

Npaj siab mus nrog hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los xyoo pua

Raws li nyob rau tag nrho lub sij hawm hluav taws kub tau ib tug loj lub chaw khuam siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev, lub zoo tshaj plaws hwj chim li sai tau, sim muab kev txiav txim. Piv txwv ntawm no - ib tug ntau, txawm nyob rau hauv bygone centuries. Ib tug ntawm cov extant ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yuav qhia li cas tom qab ib tug txaus ntshai hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv Moscow uas erupted nyob rau hauv 1472, tus poj Ivan III (yawg Ivana Groznogo), twb tus kheej muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hluav taws kub-sib ntaus sib tua, muab ib tug series ntawm ncees, los ntawm uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, pib txoj kev loj hlob hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia.

Thiab Rurik, thiab hloov lawv Romanovs kuj heev determined mus tua qhov hluav taws kub. Paub rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm sib sau tshuaj tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog (thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv particular) xwb pob zeb lug, kom lawv muaj lawv nyob rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb deb ntawm txhua lwm yam thiab coj tag nrho cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv hluav taws. Rau cov neeg uas ua txhaum cov kev cai, nws tau los ua tus originator ntawm cov hluav taws qeeg muab nruj kev nplua - yog li ntawd yog lwm science.

Hluav taws kub qub Russia

Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas ua txhaum nplawm nrog whips, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas xav tau lub kub lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis, noj mov rau noj xwb nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, tsis txhob ua ib tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv cov ntoo vaj tse - tsis muaj dab tsi pab. Muaj yog tsis yog ib tug tib ancient Lavxias teb sab lub nroog, uas yuav tsum tau spared hluav taws pheej tsis tau them nws lub tsev nyob rau hauv tshauv, vim hais tias cov kev hluav taws cov kev pab yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv thaum lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv Novgorod ib tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1212 nyob rau hauv ob peb teev kev puas tsuaj 4.300 yards, tua tus plurality ntawm cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1354 hlawv Moscow. Nws coj tau ob teev xwb devouring nplaim taws tig mus rau hauv smoldering ruins tsis tau tsuas yog lub Kremlin tab sis kuj cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws mus rau lub tsev kaw neeg. Cov tib tu siab nco thiab 1547 thaum lwm tua hluav taws kev puas tsuaj thov nyob rau hauv Pervoprestolnoj ob peb txhiab lub neej. Tsim hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub neej thiab yog ib lo lus teb rau cov kev sib tw ntawm lub ntsiab.

Yug ib txwm hluav taws cov kev pab

Ib tug loj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv no coj tau ua thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (leej txiv ntawm Peter I). Nyob rau hauv 1649 nws pom lub teeb nws tau tsim "Conciliar Lub Code" - ib tug txheej ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev, uas ua rau luag ob puas xyoo. Yim ntawm nws cov khoom tau mob siab rau cov teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau cov hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab lub zos, tab sis kuj, ceeb, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muaj lwm tseem ceeb daim ntawv - lub "Mandate of Gradskij deanery." Nws yog nrog nws pib lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia, txij li thaum nws prescribes lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv ib tug kev lub hauv paus, uas ua hauj lwm ib tug taag cov nyiaj hli yog tsim los pab.

Raws li nws yuav los tsim kom muaj ib tug plaub-teev cov dej num, uas muaj ib tug ncig ntawm lub zos thiab lub txim ntawm cov neeg uas ua txhaum cov kev cai ntawm cov kev siv uas muaj hluav taws. impetus tau muab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhais tau tias los ntawm hluav taws hluav - pom zoo kom siv tau rau cov hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua vodopolivnye kav uas tau ua lub forerunners ntawm niaj hnub hoses. Yog li ntawd ib tug tsis tu ncua cov hluav taws cov kev pab nyob rau hauv Russia.

Hluav Taws ua lag ua luam loj hlob ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig

Ua hauj lwm pib los ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm nws tus tub - Peter I. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, Russia lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv tau mus txog ib tug tshiab zoo theem. Noj cov piv txwv ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws, nws yog ho kho kev cov khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev pab cuam muas rau lawv lub teb chaws, hluav taws kub twj, nruab nrog tawv tsho thiab tooj liab dej cannons. Nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Peter yog tsim los pab nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg Admiralty thiab cov thawj tua hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, tag nrho cov sij hawm hluav taws brigade nyob npaum li cas tom qab ntawd - nyob rau hauv tsuas 1804, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus Emperor Alexander I.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub tom ntej no Romanova - Tsar Nicholas kuv - tsis tu ncua cov hluav taws cov kev pab cuam yog tsis cov cuab yeej ntawm ib tug St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Qhov no yog thaum pib ntawm lub creation ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj, thiab ib tug indispensable attribute ntawm txhua lub nroog yuav yog ib feem ntawm qhov hluav taws kub nrog ib tug towering saum toj no tus saib pej thuam. Heev feem ntau, lub tuam tsev no yog tus siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog, thiab nws yuav txawm tso lub nyob ze lub zos. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub-ntauwd atop lub tsa tswb chij, thiab nyob rau hauv raws li ntawm kev puas tsuaj cov neeg paub tshwj xeeb khoom, tus nqi ntawm cov uas yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau hluav taws kub cheeb tsam.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv ntawm Russia ntawm XIX xyoo pua tau cim los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhauj thiab cov creation ntawm zus tau tej cov khoom yuav tsum tau rau cov hluav taws-fighters. Nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg tau nqa hluav taws twj thiab hoses rau nws, folding ladders thiab hooks, thiab nrog lub advent ntawm thawj lub tsheb - qhov chaw thiab accessories, tso cai rau kom siv lawv mus tua qhov hluav taws kub.

Lub koom haum ntawm hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua tom qab lub kiv puag ncig

Ntau xim tau them mus rau lub koom haum ntawm hluav taws kev tiv thaiv thiab tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1917, lub Bolshevik tsoom fwv. Twb tau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis nram qab no xyoo, nws tawm ib coj cai thiab tsim txoj hauj lwm ntawm tsoom fwv of Insurance thiab kev sib ntaus cov tiv thaiv hluav taws. Thawj taw mus rau qhov chaw M. T. Elizarov.

Nws lub teb chaws yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom sai li sai li sai tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev ntsuas muab rau los ntawm decree, thiab cov creation ntawm lub teb chaws uas nws kim heev network ntawm hluav taws noj. Cov nram qab no xyoo, tsoom fwv txoj cai ntawm lub NKVD qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug central tua hluav taws, mus nqa tawm txij thaum lub centralized kev tswj ntawm hluav taws cov kev pab cuam thoob plaws lub teb chaws.

Moscow thiab Leningrad Kev sablaj

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv 1923. Lub All-Lavxias teb sab hluav taws sablaj twb muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow, kawm los ntawm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus delegations tuaj txog los ntawm ntau lub zos hauv lub teb chaws, thiab kuj qhua los ntawm Belarus, Ukraine, Azerbaijan thiab Georgia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias lub rooj sab laj, tshwj xeeb xim raug them nyiaj rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv thiab tsim nyog rau txhua tus tua hluav taws muaj qhov kev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb.

Cov tom ntej no tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam qhov hluav taws kub pib tau qhib nyob rau hauv 1924 nyob rau hauv Leningrad Hluav Taws College. Nws kawm tiav tau ua ntawm lub neeg hauv paus uas nyob rau tom qab xyoo twb tsim ib tug teb chaws system ntawm hluav taws tswj, uas tom qab siv thiab Yeem hluav taws kev tiv thaiv ntawm Russia. Qhov no tshiab, thaum lub sij hawm, tus qauv yog tsim muaj tus nquag kev pab los ntawm lub YCL thiab cov lag luam tawm union koom haum.

Cov pab ntawm science thiab kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub firefighting ua lag ua luam

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-twenties tau txais ib tug tseem ceeb boost mus rau lub domestic zus tau tej cov hluav taws sib ntaus sib tua cov khoom siv. Nrog rau heev heev cov qauv ntawm cov twj, cov neeg kho tshuab stairs thiab haus luam yeeb exhausts mam li raws li cov thawj Soviet hluav taws xyaw. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1927 mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm lawv fleet ntawm ntau tshaj plaub units. Nyob rau hauv lub thirties pib loj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm ob tshwj xeeb xeem lub chaw soj nstuam, uas ntiav kawm tiav tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws cov kev pab engineers.

Hluav Taws thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no yog ib tug ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm lub heroic epic ntawm cov xyoo. Fighters tua hluav taws cawm nej dim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog heev heev thiab qhov chaw muaj vaj tse, uas tau ua lub hom phiaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tso hoob pob thiab shelling. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Leningrad thaum lub sij hawm lub blockade lawv tau tua ntau tshaj li ob txhiab tus neeg. Tsis los ntawm lub caij thaum lub sij hawm yeej Parade hluav taws faib marched los ntawm Red Square nrog tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los units.

Ib tug ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub neej niaj hnub

Kws txawj tau xaus lus tias qhov kev nce rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws kub yog pom nyob rau hauv niaj hnub ntiaj teb no, thiab socio-economic los rau lawv yog ua loj dua. Txhua txhua xyoo ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb kaw txog li tsib lab hluav taws kub, uas tua ntau tshaj li ib puas txhiab tus neeg, thiab cov ntaub ntawv losses los ntawm lawv yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm lab ntawm cov nyiaj. Loj kev puas tsuaj thiab Wildfires yog - peat thiab ntoo, raws li tau zoo raws li tshwm nyob rau thaum muaj xwm ceev roj thiab cov nkev uas.

Tag nrho cov no yog yuam cov kws txawj kom nthuav cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshiab txoj kev combating hluav taws thiab txhim kho uas twb muaj lawm sawv daws yuav. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no ib tug ntev kev lig kev cai tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj thov ua npuas ncauj hluav taws extinguishing technology, tsim lub ntiaj teb no tus zoo tshaj plaws tsim hydrants, thiab cov thawj portable tua hluav taws.

Hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab firefighters

Niaj hnub nimno hluav taws kev pab cuam - yog ib tug complex thiab multifunctional system, uas muaj lub luag hauj lwm tua twb ntawm hluav taws feem ntau ntawm qhov ntau thiab complexity. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub tswv yim zoo dejnum uas ua yog los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau lub luag hauj khwb, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub muab kev koom tes tshwj xeeb units, uas muaj xws li ib tug tshwj xeeb hluav taws kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav sib tham txog cov localization ntawm hluav taws kub tuag tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob loj heev txim (roj thiab cov nkev Rigs, nuclear chaw, riam phom depots, thiab thiaj li nyob).

Russians nrog rau kev hwm thiab kev txaus siab yog cov neeg uas tiv thaiv lawv lub neej thiab vaj tse los ntawm hluav taws kub lub caij. Nyob rau hauv 1999 nws tau kos npe los ntawm tsoom fwv txoj cai, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej - hnub ntawm hluav taws kev tiv thaiv cov nyob rau hauv Russia, lom txhua xyoo rau 30 Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Hnub no twb tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij - nws yog lub Plaub Hlis 30, 1649 muaj ib lub aforementioned "Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv Gradskij deanery", uas ua lub hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab hluav taws cov kev pab yug.