Lub melting point ntawm hlau

Hlau txiv neej pib muaj (forging, melting) tom qab ib tug ob peb txhiab xyoo tom qab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov tooj liab. Tus thawj haiv neeg hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pob twb pom nyob rau hauv lub Middle East nyob rau hauv 3000 BC. Thiab hlau thiab hlau, raws li kws txawj, tau arisen nyob rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw ntawm cov ntiaj chaw, txawv tib neeg muaj kev tus txheej txheem no nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm txawv. Nrog rau qhov no raws li ib tug hlau cov ntaub ntawv uas ua cov cuab yeej, yos hav zoov thiab kev tsov kev rog hloov lub pob zeb thiab bronze.

Tus thawj hlau raug hu ua syrodutnyh. Cov kab hauv qab yog hais tias kuv poob pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv lub qhov taub hlau ore nrog hluav ncaig, uas incited thiab kaw, tawm hauv lub tshuab ib lub qhov los ntawm kev uas tshiab huab cua yog txhab khoom mus rau lub moj tej tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm xws cua sov, lub melting point ntawm hlau, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis tau tiav, twb tau softened loj (tawg), uas yog lub slag (tshauv los ntawm cov roj, oxides ntawm lub ore thiab pob zeb).

Tom ntej no, lub resulting tawg prokovyvali pheej tshem slag thiab lwm yam ruaj switching, qhov no sij hawm-siv tus txheej txheem tau nqa tawm ob peb lub sij hawm, uas ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub finish lag luam nce mus txog lub thib tsib yog ib feem. Nrog rau cov invention ntawm cov dej log nyob tau muab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov huab cua. Vim xws dutyu hlau melting yog attainable kub, tau tshwm sim hlau nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv.

Qhov no hlau yog hlau, uas yog tsis forged, tab sis nws tau raug pom tias nws yog zoo nyob tawm ib daim ntawv. Cov no yog cov thawj thwmsim rau cov hlau casting uas nrog ib co txhim kho thiab hloov tau mus txog peb hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws pom ib txoj kev ntawm cov zauv hlau mus rau hauv wrought hlau. Hlau daim raug loaded nrog hluav ncaig, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no, hlau softened, oxidation tshwm sim impurities, xws li carbon. Cov uas ua hlau yuav tuab, hlau melting kub zog, i.e. Nws muab wrought hlau.

Yog li, lub metallurgists ntawm lub sij hawm twb tau mus qhia ib tug ib txheej txheem mus rau hauv ob ua sawv. Qhov no ob-kauj ruam cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim dim rau lub sij hawm no, cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm ntau kev txhawj xeeb cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob theem. Ntshiab hlau los yog ib tug hlau muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj impurity ua daim ntawv thov muaj yuav luag tsis muaj. Lub melting point ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv lub daim duab hlau - carbon yog nyob rau hauv taw tes A, uas sib raug rau 1535 degrees.

Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm hlau tshwm sim thaum lub theem ntawm 3200 degrees.

Sab nraum zoov hlau nws thiaj li them nrog ib tug oxide zaj duab xis, ib tug ncoo xeb tshwm nyob rau hauv ib tug noo ib puag ncig. Hlau txij li thaum nws inception thiab hnub no yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hlau. Siv ntawm hlau, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov alloys, uas yog txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab zog.

Thaum dab tsi kub melts hlau, nyob ntawm seb cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus thiab lwm yam ntawm cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov feem ntau lug siv los yog cov pa roj carbon alloys - hlau thiab hlau. Alloys muaj ntau tshaj 2% cov pa roj carbon, hu ua hlau, tsawg tshaj li 2% yog hlau. Cam khwb cia hlau yog tau nyob rau hauv lub moj tej tawg rauv taws nte, los ntawm remelting enriched ore nyob rau hauv lub sinter nroj tsuag.

Steel yog melted nyob rau hauv lub hearth, thiab hluav taws xob induction furnaces, converters.

Raws li tus nqi siv seem thiab npua hlau. Los ntawm oxidation dab, cov batch yog muab tshem tawm ib zaug thiab carbon kab mob, thiab additives tso cai rau cov alloying ntaub ntawv los muab cov kev kawm steel qib. Rau hlau thiab lwm yam alloys siv niaj hnub metallurgy ESR technology, lub tshuab nqus tsev, electron nqaj thiab ntshav melting.

Nyob rau hauv kev npaj no yog cov tshiab txoj kev steel melting, muab lub automation ntawm tus txheej txheem thiab muab ib tug siab zoo hlau.

Kev tsim tau mus txog ib theem uas koj yuav tau txais ntaub ntawv uas yuav withstand lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab kub siab, loj kub ua viav vias, txhoj puab heev ib puag ncig, tawg, thiab lwm yam