Nizhnekamsk HPP: keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev, xwm txheej, lus qhia dav dav

Nizhnekamsk HPP nyob rau hauv Tatarstan yog cim thiab tus tsuas yog lub zog lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, kev cob cog rua rau lub UES ntawm Russia. Los ntawm no lub tuam txhab, ib feem ntawm cov tuav "Tatenergo", lub inhabitants ntawm lub cheeb tsam cov mov hluav taws xob.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Nizhnekamsk HPP channel hom yog nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan rau lub Kama dej nyob ze Yelabuga thiab Naberezhnye Chelny. Tsim kom muaj fais fab nroj tsuag pib nyob rau hauv 1963, thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm nws tau pib xwb nyob rau hauv 1979. Npaj HPP yog:

• pas dej tauv ntawm qhob rau lub spillway;
• Pas dej tauv alluvial dej txaj;
• floodplain lub pas dej tauv;
• gateways;
• powerhouse.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov siab ntawm lub floodplain thiab riverbed lub pas dej tauv yog 30 m thiab tag nrho cov ntev - 2.976 km. Kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev loj yog muab tso rau ntawm lub pas dej tauv. Nyob rau nruab nrab thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo nws yog ua tshaj 2 billion kWh / h ntawm hluav taws xob.

Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm ceev lug tsim Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Tam sim no NEC yog 63,3 m. Raising lub theem yuav ua kom muaj ntau lub hwj chim, tab sis nws lobbying xyoo lawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub nyob sib ze cheeb tsam.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev

Nizhnekamsk HPP pib khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1979, thaum lub filling theem ntawm cov reservoir mus txog rau theem ntawm kev 62 m. Qhov no theem yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau, vim hais tias nws kom ib tug pas ua hauj lwm thiab cov zaj uas lub ships los ntawm lub xauv. Reservoir nyab 78.000 hectares ntawm lwm tus av, tab sis kev tsim kho ntawm pas fais fab qhov chaw nres tsheb yog Ameslikas faib 173.000 hectares nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia thiab Perm cheeb tsam. Ua ntej dej nyab lub cheeb tsam surrounding tau nqa tawm mus rau deforestation, xaav nyob hauv zos, thauj infrastructure thiab kev sib txuas lus. Qhov kawg (16 th nyob rau hauv ib tug kab) chav tsev twb launched nyob rau hauv 1987. Los ntawm 1990, lub waterworks tub ceev xwm tswj los mus nce rau theem ntawm cov reservoir rau 68 meters, uas sparked ib tug yoj ntawm tawm tsam los ntawm ntau yam ib puag ncig cov koom haum. Yog li, yuav tsa cov theem tsis. Mus rau theem ntawm 63.5 m NHRI tsa xwb nyob rau hauv 2002 nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug sib koom daim ntawv cog lus lub plaub cheeb tsam.

Teeb meem txuam nrog rau reservoir theem sawv

Raws li peb tes num cov ntaub ntawv, cov qib yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 68 m. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no nws yog ib nrab, uas tshwm sim los ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ecology thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Txij li thaum lub Nizhnekamsk HPP ua tsawg zog, tsis yooj yim navigation, thiab kev tiv thaiv engineering lug pib crumble. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua txhua xyoo muaj algal blooms. 50% ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub reservoir yog ntiav (qhov tob kom sawvdaws tsis xeeb 2 m), uas fab kab mob kev cai. Yog hais tias koj tsa cov theem rau 68 meters, nws yuav tsum tau dej nyab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nyob sib ze cheeb tsam.

kev huam yuaj

Nyob rau hauv 2010, lub Nizhnekamsk HPP tawg, uas twb preceded by pa luam yeeb. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ob lub tuam txhab ua hauj lwm raug tua, 10 - raug mob. Yog qhov uas tus tawg tau puas lub synchronous compressor coj nyob rau hauv huab cua rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag. Yog vim li cas yog ib tug roj los, uas yog tom qab rhuab thiab tov nrog cua. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev huam yuaj tsis muaj feem xyuam rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub enterprise.

Lub tsuas fais fab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Tatarstan yog Nizhnekamsk HPP. Naberezhnye Chelny thiab Yelabuga yog cov ze tshaj rau nws koom. HPP tau pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1979, tab sis txog thaum tam sim no nws tsis tau mus txog tus tsim muaj peev xwm. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov theem ntawm cov reservoir rau ib lub hom phiaj yuav tsum mus txog 68 m, tab sis tam sim no nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm 63.5 m. Nizhnekamsk HPP kev cob cog rua rau lub koog Zog System ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab kev lag kev luam tseem ceeb mus rau lub cheeb tsam.