Philanthropist - tsis yog koj tus neeg tos!

Gaius Maecenas - Roman nplua nuj txiv neej, leej twg thiaj li generously pab cov neeg ntawm kos duab, nws lub npe los ua ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg lo lus. Cov ntsiab lus characterizing lub patronage - unselfishness. Yog vim li cas tsis muab cov tswv yim ntawm kev philanthropy thiab sponsorship? Vim hais tias cov artist tus tswj nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub lag luam zoo, nyob rau hauv rov qab rau advertising, yog li - thiab profits. Ib tug patron ntawm cov kawm Askiv - yog tus neeg tso rau hauv kos duab, science, kev kho mob, kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv behest ntawm lub plawv thiab cov feem ntau nyob anonymous.

Sib hlub sib txhawb thiab sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia , thiab yog tus pib ntawm patronage - 988. Ib yam ntawm cov loj cov lus txib - kev hlub ntawm cov neeg nyob ze - tshwm sim neeg mus rau lub sib hlub sib txhawb ntawm cov neeg pluag, uas yog chiv qhia nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev pab "orphaned thiab cov neeg pluag." Distributing khoom noj khoom haus thiab khaub ncaws, ntau tsawg - nyiaj ua vaj tse, tau mus kho dawb xwb. Ua ntej lub loj lub tsev teev ntuj hnub caiv lawv tus kheej princes thiab tom qab ntawd vajntxwv nyiag mus xyuas cov tsev loj cuj, shelters, tsev kho mob, nyob qhov twg "qhov chaw nyob" los pab cov neeg txom nyem. Tom qab 1551, thaum muaj Stoglavy Cathedral, lub sib hlub sib txhawb npaum li cas tshaj los ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm pej xeem sib hlub sib txhawb. Lub sij hawm ntawm Peter tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog kev saib xyuas ntawm lub xeev cov pejxeem. Qhib lub tsev kho mob, cov tsev laus, cov me nyuam orphanages. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm pej xeem cov tsev no zoo ib txwm muaj tau private donations. Peter nws tus kheej pub ib feem peb ntawm nws cov nyiaj hli. Monastery monks kawm nyob rau hauv crafts, thiab cov nyiaj tau los los ntawm lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm, dhau lawm, mus rau kev siab hlub.

Patronage - lub thoob plaws tshwm sim

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lwm sib hlub sib txhawb tiag tiag los ua ib tug kev: nyob rau thaum pib ntawm nws cov hauj lwm cov tsev qiv ntawv, tsev ceev teej tug, miv, qhov, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsev saib xyuas rau me nyuam ntsuag thiab cov neeg laus. Lavxias teb sab sponsors, kev siab hlub uas tsis pub lawv cov npe nyob twj ywm tsis qhia npe, nyob mus ib txhis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yav dhau los. Tretyakov, Bakhrushin Mammoth, Morozov, Shchukin, Prokhorov Botkins, Naydenova - tag nrho cov tsis sau. Maecenas - nws yog tsev neeg qhov tseem ceeb, uas tau ua ib tug yuav tsum rau cov preservation ntawm kev puas hlwb kev noj qab nyob. Tub txawj tub ntse neeg tag nrho dynasties tau ua hauj lwm rau cov kev pab ntawm nws cov neeg. Ib qho piv txwv yog tsev neeg ntawm Siberian tub txawj tub ntse Sibiryakov tsim lub teeb tsis tau tsuas yog theaters, tab sis kuj lub koom txoos, pab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, nyob rau hauv particular, ib tug ntawm cov txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv - Gabriel Derzhavin. Tab sis lub ntsiab pab tau ua nyob rau hauv science - tsaug Sibiryakov mus kawm sab qaum teb Hiav txwv lawv.

dynasty Morozov

Tus thawj nyob rau hauv tsev neeg no patron - yog tseem Savva, tab sis nws twb yug los nyob rau hauv 1770 serf tswv tsev rumina. Tsaug rau ib qho nyuaj ua hauj lwm rau ntev nees nkaum peb xyoo, nws yuav nws txoj kev ywj pheej rau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov me nyuam, thiab ces qhib lub txhob lo lo ntxhuav-weaving kev cob qhia. Lub npe nrov Morozov siv - velvet, muslin, high-quality paj rwb - tsis muaj sib hlub sib txhawb yuav tau ntsejmuag lub npe Morozov rau ntau centuries. Tab sis nws nyob ib tsev neeg patronage. Celebrities Savva Morozov - tus tsim ntawm lub Moscow Art ua yeeb yam, cov Stanislavsky thiab Gorky tus phooj ywg, ib tug tub ntxhais ntse chemist thiab widest-hearted txiv neej. Cov ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv nws cov factories twb zoo npaum li cas tshaj lwm leej lwm tus, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau ua rau nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm dawb dormitories, tsev kho mob, da, chaw ua si rau cov festivities.

Lub tswv yim yooj yim Sava - lub tsev ntawm lub profits ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Qhov tseem amazing tshaj plaws - nws Morozov muab nyiaj rau lub xov xwm ntawm lub Bolshevik ntawv xov xwm "Iskra", "lub neej tshiab", "nriaj", nqa typographical tsis muaj xeem, txawm muab coj mus zais nyob rau hauv nws daim card cov tub ceev xwm los ntawm tus khiav nkaum revolutionaries. Tub Sava - Sergey - pab cov Stroganov School, ntxias Polenov thiab Serov, tsim lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts nyob rau hauv Volkhonka (Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej rau lawv.). Ntxhais Barbara ua lub thawj cancer tsev kho mob nyob rau hauv lub Virgin tus Field, Turgenev tsev qiv ntawv kev nyeem ntawv chav tsev, ib tug almshouse thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Tver. Maecenas - ib tsev neeg.