Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug Paj daus? Yuav ua li cas lawv raug tsim thiab li cas nws muaj?

Me me quav dej khov muaju intricate cim cov ntaub ntawv, uas generously muab peb txhua lub caij ntuj no - yog li lub snowflakes. Tus paub tsis meej ntawm qhov txujci no ntawm xwm tau ntev attracted nug minds. Yuav ua li cas li no tshwm sim, uas cai no yuav nruj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj ntau haiv neeg - cov lus nug no yuav sim teb nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm snowflakes

Zaum tau ntev sim mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi lub snowflakes mus piav qhia txog lub complex thiab harmonious qauv ntawm lawv cov vaj tse. Tus thawj ntawm lawv cov drawings los ntawm cov xwm no yog los ntawm lub Swiss soj ntsuam Mangus nyob rau hauv 1555.

Thaum pib ntawm XVII xyoo pua German paub txog Iogann Kepler nrhiav tau hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov snowflakes yog hexagonal muaju. Nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm scientific ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1635-1637 rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi snowflakes xav nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis mathematician Rene Dekarta. Nws tau piav rau lawv zoo li lilies, roses thiab log nrog rau cov hniav. Nws tau luam tawm lawv tus kheej sketches, uas koj muaj peev xwm txawm pom snowflakes nrog yim los yog kaum ob cov hniav, lawm tshwm sim heev tsis tshua muaj.

Nyob rau hauv 1885, American tus paub txog Wilson Bentley yees duab thawj daus siv lead ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Yuav luag tsib caug xyoo, nws sau yog hais txog 5000 yam li tus duab.

Japanese Nakaya Ukitiro - physicist - twb tiag koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm yuav ua li cas snowflakes raug tsim thiab yog vim li cas lawv yog tag nrho ces sib txawv, nyob rau hauv lub 30 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nws yog lawv thawj scientific kev faib tawm, thiab yees ua ib lub mechanism rau zus tau tej cov dag daus. Lub npe ntawm tus paub txog hu ua lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm cov dej khov thiab daus uas yog nyob rau hauv Nyiv, nyob rau cov kob ntawm Hokkaido.

Nyob rau hauv 1955, lub Lavxias teb sab A. teb chaws snowflakes muab faib mus rau hauv cuaj cov chav kawm ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li 48 hom. Cov lawv - "hedgehogs", "koob", "phaj", "tuav", "cuff links" thiab lwm tus neeg.

American Kenneth Liebrecht nyob rau hauv cov hnub, yog "tag nrho ntawm snowflakes Handbook." Nyob rau hauv nws kev kuaj, daus muaju yog zus artificially, nws yog txawm tau muab ib tug tsim zoo.

Yuav ua li cas rau tsim snowflakes

Snowflakes yog tsim los ntawm dej vapor. Me me quav mob ntawm tsawg kub thiab high av noo yog condensed nyob rau hauv cov huab. Lawv fim cov plua tshauv hais floating nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab koom nrog lawv. Yog li, cov uas muaj snowflakes, - ib plua plav particle (crystal nuclei) thiab me me dej khov hais, maj mam loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv txhua txhua tus.

Raws li yav tom ntej Paj daus ntog mus rau hauv av, nws tuaj koom tag nrho cov tshiab cov dej khov muaju, thaum ceev nws nyias muaj hexagonal zoo. Convex feem ntawm tus siv lead ua kom loj hlob sai.

Encountering raws txoj kev nrog supercooled mob, Paj daus tseem loj hlob tuaj. Ncav ib tug tseem ceeb loj, nws ntog down - nyob rau hauv av.

ntau yam ntawm snowflakes

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev snowflakes raug tsim thiab yuav ua li cas lawv loj hlob, nws muaj feem xyuam rau suav tsis tau yam tseem ceeb. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv - lub alternation ntawm kub nyob rau hauv txawv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov cua, daus muaju yog tau muaj los.

Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, cov snowflakes lossi hloov. Nyob rau hauv txias rau tej thaj chaw muaju kev loj hlob yog accelerating, lawv loj hlob considerably nyob rau hauv ntev. Muaj, qhov twg muaj ntau sov huab cua, lub "rays" tshuam lengthened, tab sis pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv breadth. Paub txog hais tias ib tug Paj daus, koj yuav tau yooj yim piav qhia txog yog vim li cas, nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua puag nyob rau hauv ib tug cheeb tsam feem ntau ntog raug rau nws hom daus.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Baltic cheeb tsam thiab Central Russia nyob rau hauv twj ywm huab cua, daus feem ntau los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov loj "ntxuav" flakes, uas muaj ib tug complex branched daim ntawv. Nrog muaj zog gusts ntawm cua thiab tsawg kub snowflakes sib tsoo nrog txhua lwm yam, thiab crumble mus rau hauv me me tawg tsam poob downwards. Yog hais tias koj ntaus plaub caug-degree txias, lub nascent ice muaju yuav nkaum hauv av "pob zeb diamond hmoov av". Thiab nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Yakutia nyob rau hauv huab cua txias feem ntau lub caij nplooj zeeg nyias "koob" ntawm dej khov.

Thaum snow ntog

Daus yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum cov huab cua kub hauv qab no yog ob degrees Celsius. Cov kev xav hais tias qhov no tus pas ntsuas kub txhais tau tias yuav tsum poob rau hauv qab no zero - yog ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws pib mus rau yaj daus twb poob. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem cua kub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj precipitates tas lawm.

Heaviest daus plaub ya ri poob nyob rau hauv lub chav xoom ob degrees. Tab sis yog hais tias tus kub pib mus rau sawv saum toj no, ces, dab tsi nws muaj snowflakes - me me dej khov muaju, yuav inexorably yaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau yuav, peb yuav tsum xav ntog ntub daus, thiab txawm los nag.