Elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab mov

Tej nyiaj txiag ntsuas zoo li kev thov, mov thiab tus nqi yog lub ntsiab ntsiab ntawm lub lag luam. Nws yog lawv kev sis raug zoo thiab ntaub ntawv ib tug ua lag luam mechanism, uas yuav tsum tau tuaj raws li ib tug union ntawm buyers thiab sellers tsim lub mov thiab thov ntawm cov khoom.

Yog li, thov yog txiav txim los ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov khoom, lub purchase ntawm uas txhua particular neeg muaj ib tug nqi uas zoo xws li ntsuas rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais no yog: muaj ib tug kev nqi teev thiab ib lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. Vim ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi nug. Nws yog qhov no daim ntawv qhia thiab txhais cov kev cai lij choj ntawm kev thov.

Lub tswv yim txog tej zaum yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qhov nqi ntawm cov khoom uas yog npaj txhij mus ua ib tug ua lag ua luam chaw rau ntxiv siv ntawm ib tug tsau nqi los ntawm ib hom nab npawb ntawm cov nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm lub sij hawm.

Uas twb muaj lawm txoj cai muaj yog tau qhia ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi hloov proposals. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, kuj muaj tus nqi pab rau lub fact tias cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus kev rau lawv cov khoom, thiab tsis muaj - nyob rau tsis tooj, qis. Thaum txiav txim siab rau zus tau tej cov ib yam khoom, ib lub lag luam chaw yog yuam ua hauj lwm lossi muab piv rau tus nqi ib chav tsev rau nws cov nqi.

Lub sij hawm "elasticity ntawm mov thiab thov ntawm ib tug nqi" yog ncaj qha mus txuas rau qhov kev thov rau tej yam khoom, nyob ntawm seb nyob rau theem ntawm lawv cov nqi. Uas yog vim li cas tus nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab mov qhia tau hais tias lub dependence ntawm tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv tus nqi hloov. Yuav kom ntsuas nws coj coefficient siv.

Lub coefficient ntawm elasticity yuav qhia cov feem pua yuav hloov lub qhov ntau ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom yog hais tias nws nqi hloov los ntawm 1 feem pua.

Elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab mov yuav tsum xam los ntawm cov nram qab no mis:

Qauv = (-ΔQd (%)) / (ΔP (%)),

qhov twg EP - elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab mov nyob rau hauv relation mus tus nqi;

ΔQd - kev hloov nyob rau hauv kev thov los yog mov (tus txheeb ze tus nqi nyob rau hauv feem pua);

ΔP - tus nqi hloov (tus txheeb ze tus nqi nyob rau hauv feem pua).

Yog hais tias peb xav txog tej yam tus kwv tij qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sib nug xov cov qauv, cov elasticity ntawm mov thiab thov yuav tsum xam raws li nram no:

Qauv = ((Q1 - Q0) / (Q1 + Q0)): ((P1 - P0) / (P1 + P0)),

qhov twg Q1, Q0 - mov los yog thov ua ntej thiab tom qab tus nqi hloov;

P1, P0 - nqi, noj ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov kev hloov.

Los ua tus nqi ntawm lub ntim ntawm kev thov yog maj txo. Kom tsis txhob zoo qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no mis, cov nqi ntawm cov coefficient yuav tsum tsis tseem ceeb.

Thaum thov thiab mov elasticities ntau dua dua ib leeg, qhov kev nce nyob rau hauv kev thov thiab tsis kam tej muaj sai nqi. Tus nqi ntawm no piv yog tsawg tshaj li ib tug txhais tau tias cov inelasticity ntawm kev thov, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug nco los yog mov thiab thov kev loj hlob qeeb qeeb tshaj cov mus nqi hloov.

Qhov zoo tshaj yuav ntawm kev sib sau - lub zoo meej xaiv rau tej kev khwv nyiaj txiag uas characterizes lub zuag qhia tag nrho nqi koj tshuav ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj txiag dab nyob rau hauv lub xeev.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv theoretical kev tshawb fawb, muaj lub tswvyim ntawm "tsis inelastic" (yog hais tias tus hloov nyob rau hauv nqe tsis entail muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv mov los yog thov, qhov ratio yog sib npaug zos rau 0), thiab "tsis elasticity ntawm mov thiab thov" (rau sufficiently me me thov hloov nyob rau hauv nqe thiab kev ncua mus rau infinity).

Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov coefficient ntawm elasticity yuav tsis tiav yog tias koj tsis them sai sai rau cov yam tseem ceeb uas muaj ib tug cawv rau cov elasticity ntawm kev thov thiab mov, namely:

- lub hav zoov ntawm analogues (hloov rau cov ntau thawj khoom, lub elasticity ntawm kev thov rau nws);

- qhia tawm rau ntawm kev noj cov khoom (sab kev nqus, lub qis lub elasticity ntawm mov thiab thov);

- tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau;

- qeb ntawm cov khoom (seb nws belongs rau lub khoom kim heev cov khoom - thov yog elastic los yog mus rau lub liab qab yam - muaj inelasticity ntawm kev thov).