Lavxias teb sab futurist kws sau paj lug. Nyiaj hnub nyoog futurist

Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe yog kis tus kab mob ib tug tshiab modernist kev taw qhia nrog rau cov lus qhia hu ua "Futurism" (txhais los ntawm Latin - "rau yav tom ntej").
Nws yog suav hais tias yuav tsum yog tus txwv zeej txwv koob cov Italian txawj sau ntawv Filippo Marinetti, hais tias nyob rau hauv 1909, kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov tsim kev cai qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev cai nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Es tsis txhob ntawm lub futurist paj huam kos nyeem 'cov xim rau hnub no txoj kev ceev paced lub neej, thiab najnpawb mus tham ntxiv txog lub neej yav tom ntej. Tag nrho cov loj kev cai yog teev tawm nyob rau hauv lub manifesto, tus sau ntawm cov thawj ntawm lawv thiab tau pib Marinetti.

Tsim ib radically tshiab kos duab yog tus thawj hom phiaj ntawm lub Futurists, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom qab ntawd sau ntawv txaus siab ntxias uas muaj npaum li cas raws li ib lub hauv paus rau tib neeg cov duab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub mus rau pem suab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, symbolically muaj tuaj raws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm geometric duab.

Nta lyrics Futurists

Lub hero ntawm lub tshiab tej hauj lwm ntawm avant-garde kev taw qhia - ib tug neeg nyob ntawm cov niaj hnub nroog, nrog nws cov dynamism, high-ceev, ntau ntawm cov khoom thiab electrification, ua rau puas ntau dua perfection ntawm lub neej. Lyrical "Kuv" futurists aggressively nrhiav kom tau tam sim ntawd los ntawm cov classical yav tag los, uas yog manifested nyob rau hauv ib tug mindset uas tsis txais cov kev cai ntawm syntax, lo lus tsim thiab lexical compatibility ntawm lo lus. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb caum los ntawm lub futurist kws sau paj lug - qhia koj tus cwj pwm thiab kev nkag siab txog dab tsi yog tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm los ntawm tej yam no txhais tau tias haum rau tus neeg.

Tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab avant-garde

Nyob rau hauv Russia, ib tug tshiab qauv pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv 1910. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub nce tej chaw, ntau paj huam los ntawm cov nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog. Futurists sai sai attracted xim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub yus kos duab hauv daim ntawv ntawm nqe (nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects), nws yog nce los ntawm ua zag hais lus rau cov pej xeem thiab ib qho chaw twg rau lub lub zos ntawm Russia.

Lavxias teb sab Futurism, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov nyob sab Europe, yog ua tsis tiav thiab txawv heterogeneity. Ntawm avant-garde groupings tej zaum cai heev tsiv sib cav tswv yim. Muaj mob qhov twg futurist paj huam dhau los ntawm ib tug lub koom haum mus rau lwm lub. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj ua tau zoo tseem muaj ob chaw ntawm no sib: Moscow thiab St. Petersburg.

Ego-Futurists

Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital paj huam innovators nyob rau hauv 1912 lawv rallied nyob ib ncig ntawm Ivan Ignatiev. Lawv dubbed lub Ego-Futurists lawv tus kheej, uas meant "Kuv - lub neej yav tom ntej." Ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no vajvoog tau yeej Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), uas yog ib xyoo dhau teev tseg lub ntsiab nta ntawm cov thawj lub npe thiab tshiab kev coj nyob rau hauv cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, "lub hwj chim tag nrho ego" ua ib tug quab yuam ua ntej uas tsis muaj dab tsi yuav sawv. Nws yog nws, tsis amenable mus pacification, uas mus txog rau nws climax koob tsheej, raging, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm paj huam, nws yog ib lub xwb yog cai.

Publisher "Petersburg crier" yog tus platform uas twb futurist kws sau paj lug. Lyrics ntawm txawv lo lus tshiab formations thiab adaptation rau Lavxias teb sab lus txawv teb chaws lus, dua li German thiab Fabkis graceful. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj tswv yim Ego-Futurists nrhiav sijhawm, bears me ntsis resemblance mus rau lub legacy ntawm lawv Italian counterparts, uas sawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub avant-garde qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

"Gilea"

Me ntsis txawv ntawm St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xeeb ceem ntawm depiction ntawm kev muaj tiag Moscow paj huam-futurists. Daim ntawv pib nrog lawv cov kwv tij Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Lawv tawm tsam "Kuv" ntseeg "peb" thiab tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej Cubo-Futurists. Ideological platform rau lawv yog muab "Gilea", tsim nyob rau hauv 1910 nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Lawv puas nco qab txog nws keeb kwm thiab tau hais khov kho coj qhws lub npe "Lavxias teb sab Futurists". Poets sim nyuaj cais nws tus kheej los ntawm cov Italian lug txhawb cov miv, thiab Khlebnikov txawm muaj los muab cov kev taw qhia txog ib lub npe tshiab - "budetlyanstvo" uas yuav hais txog nws cov uniqueness thiab individualism. Nws twb ces luam tawm zag manifesto "ncuav pias nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem saj", tam sim ntawd attracted tus mloog ntawm tag nrho Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia. Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm spectacular ua yeeb yam thiab kev hais lus, nyob rau hauv uas futurist paj huam xav tsis thoob cov neeg tuaj saib nrog nws tsos thiab outrageous (xav hais tias Mayakovsky nrog nws nto moo daj tsho los paj huam pleev xim rau ntsej muag). Defiantly ua tawv tawv ntsia lub xov xwm ntawm lawv cov kwv huam, manifestos, cov kev pab cuam thiab cov ntawv luam nws rau cov laus wallpaper, ces nyob rau hauv lub wrapping daim ntawv, thiab tsis yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txuag tau nyiaj. Ib tug neeg txhob chim thiab ua kom tiav disregard rau uas twb muaj lawm kev sau ntawv kev cai thiab cov creation ntawm txawv txawv lus thiab kiag li unconventional txoj kev ntawm phau ntawv formatting, tab sis, yog hais tias raws li nws yuav ua tau, tag nrho cov no tom qab muab "bullies" (raws li lawv yog feem ntau hu ua nyob rau hauv lub zej zog) ib nrov nrov thiab zoo-deserved title ntawm "paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj caug xyoo. " Futurists "galea" zoo positioned nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab pab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Poet-revolutionary thiab ib tug ntxeev siab - yog li feem ntau hais txog lub npe nrov tshaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Futurism. Thaum pib ntawm lub 1912-1914 lub sij hawm lees paub tswv yim txoj kev Mayakovsky. Thiab nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm avant-garde kev taw qhia tsim aesthetic saj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab txiav txim nws hmoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv lub twenties, ntau tau convinced tias Mayakovsky - futurist kws sau paj lug, raws li yus muaj los ntawm txawv txawv syntax ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, ib yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus, lo lus ntaub ntawv ib tug nplua mais ntawm copyright, stunning metaphors. Tag nrho cov nta ntawm lub artistic style ntawm lub kws sau paj lug muaj cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua hauj lwm, hu thiab qw. Thiab tom qab ib xyoo caum nrog nws lub npe yog feem ntau txuam kev ua ub no ntawm cov Futurists.

Lwm yam avant-garde tiam sis

Nyob rau hauv 1913 nws coj zoo lawm "Mezzanine ntawm Paj Huam" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) thiab "Lyrics", los ntawm uas cais ib xyoos tom qab "Centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (tej thaum kuj hu ua futurists ntawm lub thib ob Convocation). Cov thawj pab pawg neeg disbanded es sai sai. "Centrifuge", uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum 1917, raug raws li nyob rau hauv lub classic txawj kev lig kev cai, organically combining lawv nrog futuristic innovation. Txawm li cas los, thiab qhov no yog ib tug zoo zoo-paub paj huam los tsis muaj avail. Boris Pasternak, piv txwv li, tsis ntev tsiv tawm ntawm cheeb tsam no thiab tau coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm ib tug neeg sab nraud cov paj huam.

Nto moo paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog futurist

Daim ntawv teev cov masters ntawm cov lo lus, yog khaws cia ntawm ib tug tej theem ntawm nws tej tswv yim ntawm cov avant-garde, yog heev kim heev. Kev koom tes hauv cov kev ua ub ntawm ib co ntawm cov Futurists yog short-lived, thaum lwm tus neeg tseem nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov kev taw qhia thoob plaws hauv lub hauj lwm. Ntawm no yog cov feem ntau tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm xaiv pawg.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - founders;
• Khlebnikov - inspirer;
• Mayakovsky - lub feem ntau zoo heev cwm pwm uas nws ua hauj lwm tom qab mus deb tshaj li cov kev taw qhia;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Ego-Futurists:

• Founder - "King of Poets" J. Northerner,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine ntawm Paj Huam":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog thiab cov kiv puag ncig

1913-1914 xyoo - lub sij hawm no lub ncov ntawm muaj koob meej, uas mus txog rau lub Lavxias teb sab Futurists. Poets tau zoo paub tias nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sau ntawv voj voog, cov ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm miv, lectures, paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1915, peb yuav tau tham txog lub "tuag" ntawm Futurism, txawm hais tias tus "Centrifuge" muaj rau ntau tshaj li 2 xyoos. Echoes ntawm futuristic cov tswv yim yog hnov thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig 20 xyoo: thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo caum - nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm paj huam los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Tiflis "txias li 41 °", thiab ces nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub oberiutov Petrograd. Lawv tseem nquag koom nyob rau hauv "txoj kev txhim kho" ntawm cov lus, hloov nws lexical, syntactic, graphic system.

Lavxias teb sab kev txawj ntse kev sib raug zoo rau Futurism

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia thiab txawv tshaj plaw ua ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev tau kos xim ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia. Muaj ntau contradictory cov nqe lus thaum lub sij hawm cov kev ua nws tus kheej hnov tiv thaiv futurist kws sau paj lug. Daim ntawv teev cov critics Opens pom tau hais tias thaum symbolist Bryusov. Lub reproach "innovators" nws muab lawv manifests nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, "debited los ntawm cov Italian", thiab ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm rau tus sawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Txawm li cas los, nws sau tseg muaj kuab grain nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg futurists thiab qhia txog txoj kev cia siab hais tias lawv yuav "loj hlob mus rau hauv paj." Lub ntsiab mob - coj mus rau hauv tus account uas twb muaj lawm kev ntawm lub Symbolists.

Tsis zoo dab tsi tshiab kws sau paj lug Ivan Bunin thiab M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm hooliganism. Gorky, rau hauv sib piv, pom lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tus Futurists nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sij hawm thiab cov kev muaj tiag.